Social Stratification

Social stratification is a key concept in sociology, referring to the hierarchical arrangement of individuals in a society based on their socio-economic status. To determine which characteristics describe social stratification, let's analyze each statement:

1. (A) It is supported by belief or ideology: Social stratification is often justified and maintained through societal norms, beliefs, and ideologies. For instance, meritocracy in capitalist societies is a belief that justifies social stratification. Therefore, this statement is true.
2. (B) It is only found in caste-based societies: Social stratification occurs in various forms across different societies, including class, race, ethnicity, and gender, not just in caste-based societies. Thus, this statement is false.
3. (C) It persists over generations: One of the characteristics of social stratification is that it tends to persist over generations, with each generation often remaining in the social position of their forebears unless significant social mobility occurs. This statement is true.
4. (D) People with more privileges support the system of stratification: Individuals who benefit from the stratification system often support it, as they have a vested interest in maintaining their advantages. This statement is true.

Based on the analysis, the characteristics that truly define social stratification are (A), (C), and (D). Thus, the correct answer is: (A), (C) and (D) only