World History

Step 1: Understanding the Concept
The question requires placing four distinct historical events—three global pandemics and one Indian national policy—in the correct chronological order from earliest to latest.
Step 2: Identifying the Years of Occurrence
Let's determine the approximate year for each event:
(B) Spanish Flu: This was a deadly influenza pandemic that occurred from 1918 to 1920.
(D) First Population Policy in India: India was the first country in the world to launch a national programme for family planning. This policy was initiated in 1952.
(C) Asian Influenza: This was a global pandemic of influenza A virus subtype H2N2 that originated in Asia in 1957.
(A) Hong Kong Influenza: This was another global influenza pandemic caused by the H3N2 strain of the influenza A virus, which started in Hong Kong in 1968.
Step 3: Arranging in Chronological Order
Based on the years identified, the correct sequence is:
1. Spanish Flu (1918)
2. First Population Policy in India (1952)
3. Asian Influenza (1957)
4. Hong Kong Influenza (1968)
The sequence of the letters is (B), (D), (C), (A).
Step 4: Final Answer
The correct chronological order corresponds to option (1).

Step 1: Understanding the Concept
The question asks for the specific term that describes the system of racial discrimination and segregation implemented in South Africa.
Step 2: Defining the Options
Apartheid: An Afrikaans word meaning "separateness". It was a political and social system of institutionalized racial segregation that existed in South Africa from 1948 until the early 1990s. This system was based on white supremacy and the segregation of the majority non-white inhabitants of the country.
Assimilation: The process by which a person or a group's language and/or culture come to resemble those of another group. This is a process of cultural integration, not discrimination.
Reservation: A form of affirmative action in which a percentage of seats are reserved for the socially and educationally backward classes in public sector units, union and state civil services, union and state government departments and in all public and private educational institutions. It is meant to counter discrimination, not to be a form of it.
Prejudice: A preconceived opinion or feeling, either favorable or unfavorable. While racial discrimination is a form of prejudice, 'Apartheid' is the specific name of the system in South Africa.
Step 3: Final Answer
The term that specifically denotes the system of racial discrimination followed in South Africa is Apartheid. Therefore, option (1) is correct.