Organic Chemistry

Amines exhibit basic properties due to the presence of a lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom, which allows them to act as Lewis bases by accepting protons .
Comparatively, a lower value indicates a stronger base.
Therefore, diethylamine is a stronger base than dimethylamine .

Increasing Order of Thermal Stability: Thermal stability of hydrogen halides (HX) decreases down the group due to decreasing bond strength
(H-F) being the strongest and (H-I) the weakest.

Vinylic halides are compounds in which the halogen is directly bonded to a doubly bonded carbon (alkene carbon).
- Contains a halogen on a saturated carbon, making it an alkyl halide.
- (c) Represents an aryl halide (halogen attached to a benzene ring).
- (d) Contains a halogen on an allylic position, making it an allylic halide.
- Contains a halogen directly bonded to a doubly bonded carbon, making it a vinylic halide.
Thus, the correct answer is .

Structure and IUPAC Name of Isoprene

The molecular structure of isoprene is given as:

Step 1: Identify the Longest Chain

The longest continuous carbon chain that includes both double bonds contains 4 carbon atoms. Hence, the parent hydrocarbon is buta-1,3-diene.

Step 2: Numbering the Chain

Numbering starts from the end that gives the double bonds the lowest locants. Therefore, the double bonds are at carbons 1 and 3.

Step 3: Identify Substituents

A methyl group ( ) is attached to the second carbon atom of the chain.

Step 4: Combine the Name

Putting it all together:

Final Answer:

The IUPAC name of isoprene is

• (i) Action of liquid bromine in acetic acid on anisole:
  Anisole ( ) undergoes electrophilic aromatic substitution. The methoxy group ( ) is an ortho-para directing group. Therefore, bromination gives a mixture of ortho- and para-bromoanisole.

• (ii) Action of soda-lime on sodium acetate:
  Sodium acetate ( ) undergoes decarboxylation when heated with soda lime ( ), giving methane.

Final Answer:

(i) Anisole gives ortho- and para-bromoanisole.
(ii) Sodium acetate with soda lime gives methane (decarboxylation reaction).