Social Movements

Step 1: Historical background.
The Champaran Satyagraha of 1917 was the first Satyagraha movement organized by Mahatma Gandhi in India. It was launched in Bihar against the exploitation of indigo cultivators by British planters.

Step 2: Gandhi's leadership.
Gandhi was invited by local leaders like Rajkumar Shukla to Champaran. He took up the cause of farmers and led a peaceful movement demanding relief from oppressive practices.

Step 3: Conclusion.
Thus, Mahatma Gandhi led the Champaran Satyagraha.

Final Answer:

Step 1: Define social movement.
A social movement is a conscious, organized, and collective action of people with a common goal, usually aiming to change existing social structures or norms.

Step 2: Features.
\begin{itemize} \item Collective and organized in nature. \item Directed towards change (reform or revolution). \item Motivated by common grievances or aspirations. \item May be short-term or long-term. \end{itemize}

Step 3: Examples.
Civil Rights Movement in the USA, Women’s Movement, and India’s Chipko Movement are classic examples.

Step 4: Conclusion.
Thus, social movements are powerful tools for transforming society.

Final Answer:

Step 1: Meaning.
A social movement is an organized effort by a large group of people to achieve a common objective, usually related to social or political change.

Step 2: Purposes.
\begin{itemize} \item To remove social evils (e.g., abolition of untouchability). \item To achieve equality and justice (e.g., civil rights movement). \item To demand political or economic reforms (e.g., labor movements). \item To protect environment and culture (e.g., Chipko movement). \end{itemize}

Step 3: Conclusion.
Social movements always arise to correct inequalities and improve collective life.

Final Answer: