Immunology

In Erythroblastosis foetalis, the majority of Rh antibodies produced by the mother are of the IgG type. These antibodies can cross the placenta and affect the fetus, leading to the condition.

Interleukins are cytokines that regulate cell growth, differentiation, and motility in the immune system.
They play a critical role in the development and differentiation of T and B lymphocytes.

- Attenuated whole agent vaccines are live but weakened vaccines like Measles.
- Inactivated whole agent vaccines use killed pathogens like Polio.
- Toxoids are inactivated toxins used as vaccines like Diphtheria.
- protein is known as the guardian angel of the genome for its tumor suppressor role.

So, the correct match is:
{A - III, B - I, C - IV, D - II}

The part of an antigen that specifically binds to the antibody’s antigen-binding site is called the epitope.

The paratope is the part of the antibody that binds the antigen.
Isotope refers to variants of elements, not related here.
Biotope is an ecological term, unrelated.

Thus, the correct term for the antigen region that binds antibody is epitope.

During cell-mediated immunity, cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells destroy infected or cancerous cells using enzymes.
Perforin forms pores in the target cell membrane allowing granzyme to enter.
Granzyme induces apoptosis (programmed cell death) within the target cell.

Mononuclear phagocytes are immune cells with a single nucleus involved in phagocytosis.
Histiocytes are a type of mononuclear phagocyte found in tissues, acting as macrophages.

Mast cells, basophils, and eosinophils are granulocytes involved in allergic reactions and parasite defense, but not mononuclear phagocytes.

Thus, the correct answer is Histiocyte.

Colostrum is the first milk produced by mothers immediately after birth.
It is rich in antibodies, particularly IgA, which provides passive immunity to the newborn.

Thus, colostrum protects the baby from initial infections due to these antibodies.
Both assertion and reason are true, and the reason correctly explains the assertion.

Therefore, the correct answer is:
(A) and (R) are true; (R) is correct explanation of (A)