Travel Accounts In Indian History

Step 1: Background of Francois Bernier.
Francois Bernier was a French physician and traveler who visited India during the Mughal period in the 17th century. He spent several years in India and observed Mughal society, politics, and economy.
Step 2: His multiple roles.
- As a Doctor, he served Dara Shikoh, the eldest son of Shah Jahan.
- As a Political Philosopher, he commented on Mughal governance, social inequality, and political institutions.
- As a Historian, his writings provided valuable historical accounts of Mughal India and are key primary sources for historians.
Step 3: Conclusion.
Since Bernier was simultaneously a doctor, political philosopher, and historian, the correct answer is “All of these.”

Step 1: Identify Rihla.
The "Rihla" (meaning "The Journey") is a famous travel account that provides vivid descriptions of 14th-century societies across Africa, West Asia, India, and beyond.
Step 2: Authorship.
The Moroccan traveler Ibn Battuta wrote the Rihla after traveling extensively for almost 30 years, covering more than 40 countries of the modern world.
Step 3: Conclusion.
Therefore, the author of Rihla was Ibn Battuta.