Economic Reforms

Shock Therapy refers to the rapid and sudden transition from an authoritarian socialist system to a capitalist system, implemented by a series of quick economic reforms. The idea was to stabilize the economy by quickly privatizing state-owned enterprises and moving toward a market economy. While it was effective in some post-Soviet states, it also resulted in high unemployment, economic inequality, and inflation in others. Therefore, while Shock Therapy had some benefits, it is not always considered the best transition method due to the severe social and economic consequences that followed in many of the affected nations.

Social safety nets are the institutional measures designed to protect the economically vulnerable segments of society. These include unemployment benefits, pension schemes, and social insurance policies. Their purpose is to reduce poverty and inequality while offering a basic level of financial protection to those who are economically disadvantaged, especially in the face of globalization and market-driven policies.
In contrast, welfare measures are broader and could include social services, but the term "social safety nets" specifically refers to the systems that provide direct financial assistance or support to vulnerable populations.
Thus, the correct answer is (B) Social safety nets.