Reading Comprehension

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In cinema, the way an actor's performance is presented matters a lot, unlike on stage. On stage actor is the master of his/her own performance, but not in cinema. Whether he/ she is to be presented in close up or long shot, in profile view or in a frontal view, what make up and costume he/ she is going to wear, how will he/ she be lit up are various creative decisions that are taken by the others and affect the quality of the presentation of his performance.
Depending upon the character and genre of film making, actors are called as heroes, heroine, villian, character actor, sidekick of the hero / heroin, the comedian / comedienne etc. These labels indicate their importance and position in the story. Over the years Indian mainstream cinema has set pattern of story telling with stock characters and situations, hence their hierarchical system prevailed. The basic difference between an actor and a star is that an actor is known for his/ her acting ability, whereas a star is primarily known for the appeal of his personality. Actor is capable of playing variety of roles, whereas star usually plays himself. Indian film industry is very star driven.
A popular star is considered a safe proposition and attracts financiers. During his/ her days, every star commands a certain audience that will come and watch the film for him/ her.
A film actor is special kind of a human being. Actors give life to a characters dreamt by the writer and directors. Audience form strong emotional connection with them.

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Today's age can be redefined as another ICE Age. The full form of ICE is Information, Communication and Entertainment. From the era when people could only talk to each other through first hand experience to today's era when we can talk and look at any one from almost all corners of the world. Earlier, information has been a priviledge denied to the masses till the early part of twentieth century. The world has shrinked to a ‘global village’. Today the spread of mass media has largely removed the cause of complaint as far as the availability of channels for spread of information are concerned. But the question remains about the quality and efficiency of the information, but there is no doubt that media and their capacity of creating and sharing information in many ways has important political and humanist dimensions.
Information Technology has changed the paradigm. Internet has empowered an individual to post data and receive information. It also opens variety of sources for one information. Not only in the field of information, the paradigm shift can also be witnessed in dissemination of scale, rapidity of opinion generation on a local, national and global scale can be witnessed. The socio-political implications of the new information order has strengthened the democracy by providing public space for the widespread debate.

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The most significant happening in the last few decades has been the Indian language newspaper revolution. Hindi, Telugu and Kannada recorded the highest growth. Among the four main geographic zones, the north showed the highest growth at 7.83 per cent. Growth in the south, west and east was 4.95 per cent, 2.81 per cent and 2.63 per cent, respectively. The top two Hindi dailies in India are Dainik Jagran and Dainik Bhaskar with average qualifying sales of 3.92 million and 3.81 million, respectively (July-December 2016). The Eenadu story also exemplifies the success of the Indian language press. Ramoji Rao the founder of Eenadu, had successsfully organised a chit-fund before launching the paper in 1974. By associating with appropriate causes in rural areas, like the anti-arrack movement in the mid-1980s, the Telugu newspaper was able to reach the countryside. This prompted it to launch 'district dailies' in 1989. These were tabloid inserts or features carrying sensational news from particular districts, as well as, classified advertisements from villages and small towns of the area

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The Ministry of Information and Broadcasting plays and effective role in helping people have access to free flow of information through its various mass communication media like the radio, television, films, press and print, advertising and traditional modes of communication like the dance and drama. The Ministry is functionally divided into three sectors. The Information Sector is responsible for information dissemination and awareness creation of the policies and activities of the Government of India through print, electronic and digital media, framing of policy guidelines for rate fixation of government advertisements on print, electronic and online platforms. This Sector oversees these public broadcasters by administering the Prasar Bharati (Broadcasting Corporation of India) Act, 1990. It also regulates private TV channels and the network of multi system operators and local cable operators through the Cable Television Networks (Regulation) Act, 1995 and policy guidelines issued from time to time. The private FM radio network is regulated by the Ministry through auctioning of FM channels, operationalisation of Community Radio Stations in rural and remote areas. The Films Sector is responsible for production and distribution of documentaries, preservation of films, organisation of international film festivals and promotion of good cinema by institution of awards.