Modern Indian Theatre

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
The question asks to identify the author of the play Raja, also known by its English title, The King of the Dark Chamber.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
Raja (1910) is a significant allegorical play by the Nobel Prize-winning Bengali writer Rabindranath Tagore. The play explores themes of spiritual truth versus superficial appearance through the story of a queen who longs to see her king, who remains unseen in a dark chamber. The play was translated into English by Tagore himself and gained international acclaim.
Step 3: Final Answer:
The play The King of the Dark Chamber (Raja) was written by Rabindranath Tagore.

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
The question asks to identify which of the plays in the list were written by the eminent Indian playwright Girish Karnad.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
Girish Karnad was a prolific and celebrated playwright, and all the plays listed are among his most famous works.
- (A) Tughlaq: A historical play about the Sultan Muhammad bin Tughlaq.
- (B) Yayati: His debut play, based on a myth from the Mahabharata.
- (C) Nagamandala: A play based on two folk tales from Karnataka.
- (D) Hayavadana: A play inspired by Thomas Mann's The Transposed Heads, which itself was based on an ancient Indian story.
All four are major plays in Girish Karnad's oeuvre.
Step 3: Final Answer:
All the plays listed—Tuglak, Yayati, Nagamandala, and Hayavadana—were written by Girish Karnad.

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
The question asks for the founding year of the Bharat Rang Mahotsav.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
The Bharat Rang Mahotsav is the annual international theatre festival organized by the National School of Drama (NSD) in New Delhi. It has grown to become one of the largest theatre festivals in Asia. The first Bharat Rang Mahotsav was held in the year 1999 to commemorate the 50th anniversary of India's independence.
Step 3: Final Answer:
'Bharat Rang Mahotsav' started in the year 1999.

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
The question asks to identify the founder of the influential Bengali theatre group, 'Bohurupee'.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
'Bohurupee' is one of the most important theatre groups in the history of post-independence Bengali theatre. It was founded in Kolkata in 1948 by Sombhu Mitra along with other artists like Tripti Mitra. The group staged landmark productions of plays by Tagore, Ibsen, and Sophocles, and was a central part of the Group Theatre Movement in Bengal.
Step 3: Final Answer:
The founder of 'Bohurupee' was Sombhu Mitra.

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
The question requires matching significant plays and theatre groups from modern Indian theatre with their respective playwrights or founders.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
- (A) Naya Theatre: This influential theatre company, based in Bhopal and known for working with folk artists, was founded by (IV) Habib Tanvir.
- (B) Pagla Ghodha (Mad Horse): This is a well-known play written by the Bengali playwright (II) Badal Sircar.
- (C) Tughlaq: This is a critically acclaimed historical play about the Sultan Muhammad bin Tughlaq, written by (I) Girish Karnad.
- (D) Rang Vidushak: This theatre group, also based in Bhopal and known for its clowning and folk-inspired style, was founded by the director (III) Bansi Kaul.
Step 3: Final Answer:
The correct set of matches is A-IV, B-II, C-I, D-III.

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
The question asks to identify the plays written by the modern Hindi playwright Mohan Rakesh from the given list.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
- (A) Adhe Adhoore: This is one of Mohan Rakesh's most famous and influential plays, dealing with middle-class disillusionment.
- (B) Andha Yug: This play was written by Dharamvir Bharati.
- (C) Lehron Ke Rajhansh: This is another major historical play by Mohan Rakesh, about Nanda and Sundari.
- (D) Khamosh Adalat Jaari hai: This is the Hindi translation of Vijay Tendulkar's Marathi play Shantata! Court Chalu Aahe.
Therefore, only (A) and (C) are plays by Mohan Rakesh.
Step 3: Final Answer:
The plays written by Mohan Rakesh are Adhe Adhoore and Lehron Ke Rajhansh.

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
The question asks to identify the director of a landmark, site-specific production of Dharamvir Bharati's play Andha Yug.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
The 1963 production of Andha Yug is one of the most iconic events in the history of modern Indian theatre. It was directed by Ebrahim Alkazi, then the director of the National School of Drama (NSD). He chose the ruins of Feroz Shah Kotla (often associated with Purana Qila's environs) in Delhi as the venue. This environmental, open-air staging perfectly complemented the epic scale and tragic grandeur of the play, which is set in the aftermath of the Mahabharata war.
Step 3: Final Answer:
The open-air production of Andha Yug was directed by Ebrahim Alkazi.

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
The question asks to identify the author of the play Raktakarabi (Red Oleanders).
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
Raktakarabi is a powerful symbolic play written in 1926 by the Nobel laureate Rabindranath Tagore. The play critiques dehumanizing materialism and greed through the allegory of a town ruled by a king who hides behind an iron net, exploiting his workers to dig for gold. The red oleander flower symbolizes life, love, and freedom.
Step 3: Final Answer:
The play Raktakarabi is written by Rabindranath Tagore.

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
The question asks to identify the playwright of the famous Marathi play Sakharam Binder.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
Sakharam Binder (1972) is a landmark and highly controversial play in modern Indian theatre. It deals with themes of male dominance, sexuality, and social hypocrisy. The play was written by the eminent Marathi playwright Vijay Tendulkar, who is also famous for other powerful plays like Ghashiram Kotwal and Shantata! Court Chalu Aahe. The other options are also famous Marathi playwrights, but Sakharam Binder is Tendulkar's work.
Step 3: Final Answer:
Sakharam Binder is a Marathi play written by Vijay Tendulkar.