Musical Instruments Its Classification

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
The question asks to identify a 'Ghana Vadya' (Idiophone) from the given options. Ghana Vadyas are solid instruments that produce sound when struck, without the use of strings or membranes.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
Let's classify the given instruments:
- Harmonium: A Sushira Vadya (wind instrument).
- Mridangam: An Avanaddha Vadya (percussion instrument with a membrane).
- Kartal (Manjira): A pair of small cymbals made of metal that are struck together. This is a classic example of a Ghana Vadya.
- Tanpura: A Tantri Vadya (string instrument).
Step 3: Final Answer:
Kartal (Manjira) is the only Ghana Vadya in the given list.

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
The question asks to identify a string instrument (Tantri Vadya or Tata Vadya) from the given options, based on the Indian system of instrument classification.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
The four main categories of Indian musical instruments are:
- Tantri Vadya (Chordophones): String instruments, like the Veena, Sitar, Violin.
- Sushira Vadya (Aerophones): Wind instruments, like the Flute, Nagaswaram, Shehnai.
- Avanaddha Vadya (Membranophones): Percussion instruments with a skin membrane, like the Tabla, Mridangam.
- Ghana Vadya (Idiophones): Solid percussion instruments, like the Ghatam, Manjira.
Based on this classification, the Veena is a Tantri Vadya.
Step 3: Final Answer:
The Veena is the correct option as it is a string instrument.

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
The question asks for the classification of the Harmonium based on how it produces sound.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
The Harmonium produces sound when air, pumped by hand-operated bellows, flows past a set of metallic reeds, causing them to vibrate. Since the sound is generated by means of air (wind), it falls under the category of wind instruments. In the Indian classification system, it is a 'Sushira Vadya'. It is specifically a 'free-reed aerophone'.
- String Instruments (Tata Vadya) produce sound from vibrating strings (e.g., Sitar).
- Percussion Instruments (Avanaddha Vadya) produce sound by being struck (e.g., Tabla).
- Metallic Instrument (Ghana Vadya) is a type of percussion where a solid metallic body is struck (e.g., Manjira), which is different from the harmonium's mechanism.
Step 3: Final Answer:
The Harmonium is classified as a Wind Instrument.

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
The question asks to identify the 'Avanaddha Vadyas' from the given list. Avanaddha Vadyas are membranophones, i.e., percussion instruments that produce sound through a vibrating stretched membrane or skin.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
- (A) Mouth Organ: This is a wind instrument (Sushira Vadya) where sound is produced by blowing air across reeds. It is not an Avanaddha Vadya.
- (B) Khol: This is a terracotta two-sided drum with parchment heads, used in devotional music in Eastern India. It is an Avanaddha Vadya.
- (C) Damru: A small two-headed drum, often associated with Lord Shiva. It is an Avanaddha Vadya.
- (D) Edakka: A traditional hourglass-shaped pressure drum from Kerala, with two skin heads. It is an Avanaddha Vadya.
Therefore, Khol, Damru, and Edakka are all Avanaddha Vadyas.
Step 3: Final Answer:
The correct combination is (B), (C), and (D).

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
This question requires matching the categories of Indian musical instruments (List-I) with an example of an instrument from that category (List-II). Note that 'Tatt' is another term for 'Tata' (string).
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
- (A) Tatt (Tata) Vadya: String instruments. The Veena (IV) is a string instrument. Thus, A matches with IV.
- (B) Avanaddha Vadya: Membranophones (drums). The Mridangam (III) is a percussion drum. Thus, B matches with III.
- (C) Ghana Vadya: Idiophones (solid percussion). The Morsing (II), or Jew's harp, is a plucked idiophone. Thus, C matches with II.
- (D) Sushira Vadya: Aerophones (wind instruments). The Nagaswara (I) is a double-reed wind instrument. Thus, D matches with I.
Step 3: Final Answer:
The correct matching is A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I.

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
The question asks for the classification of the Tabla according to the ancient Indian system of instrument categorization.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
The Indian system classifies instruments into four main categories based on how they produce sound:
- Sushira Vadya: Aerophones or wind instruments (e.g., Flute, Shehnai).
- Ghana Vadya: Idiophones or solid instruments that are struck (e.g., Ghatam, Manjira).
- Avanaddha Vadya: Membranophones or instruments with a stretched skin/membrane (e.g., Tabla, Mridangam, Dhol). The word 'Avanaddha' means 'covered'.
- Tantra/Tata Vadya: Chordophones or string instruments (e.g., Sitar, Veena).
Since the Tabla is a drum that produces sound from a vibrating skin head, it belongs to the Avanaddha Vadya category.
Step 3: Final Answer:
The Tabla belongs to the Avanaddha category of instruments.

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
The question asks for the classification of the instrument used in 'Pung Cholam' according to the Indian system of musical instruments.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
'Pung Cholam' is a dance form from Manipur, but the question is about the instrument, the 'Pung'. The Manipuri Pung is a long-bodied, two-headed drum. Instruments that produce sound from a stretched membrane or skin (i.e., drums) are classified as Avanaddha Vadya (membranophones).
- Sushira Vadyas are wind instruments.
- Ghana Vadyas are solid percussion instruments (idiophones).
- Tata Vadyas are string instruments (chordophones).
Step 3: Final Answer:
The Pung is a type of drum, making it an Avanaddha instrument.