Migration

Step 1: Understanding the question.
This question asks about the primary reason for male migration in India. According to studies and demographic surveys, employment opportunities are the major factor driving male migration.
Step 2: Analyzing the options.
(A) शिक्षा: While education does influence migration, it is not the primary reason.
(B) रोजगार: Correct — Employment is the most common reason for male migration, as people often move for better job opportunities.
(C) व्यावसाय: Business migration is less common than migration for employment.
(D) इनमें से सभी: Although all these factors can contribute, employment is the most significant one.
Step 3: Conclusion.
The correct answer is (B) रोजगार, as it is the leading cause of male migration in India.

Step 1: Understanding the question.
This question is asking about migrants who move to new places. "आप्रवासी" refers to those who migrate from one place to another, and "उत्तरप्रवासी" refers to those who migrate within the country or region, often to urban areas. Both terms are used depending on the context.
Step 2: Analyzing the options.
(A) आप्रवासी: Correct — This refers to a migrant who moves to a new place.
(B) उत्तरप्रवासी: Correct — This also refers to a type of migrant within a country.
(C) (a) तथा (b) दोनों: Correct — Both terms are applicable in different contexts.
(D) इनमें से कोई नहीं: This is incorrect as both terms are correct.
Step 3: Conclusion.
The correct answer is (C) (a) तथा (b) दोनों, as both terms refer to migrants in different contexts.

Step 1: Understanding the question.
Migration can occur due to various factors, both positive and negative. The negative (or adverse) factors that lead to migration are often referred to as "push factors." These are the conditions that compel individuals to leave their home country or region. Step 2: Two adverse causes of migration.
1. Economic hardship: Lack of employment opportunities, poverty, and insufficient wages often compel people to migrate in search of better economic conditions.
2. Environmental factors: Natural disasters, climate change, and environmental degradation (such as droughts, floods, or famine) push people to migrate to more stable and secure areas.
Step 3: Conclusion.
The two main adverse causes of migration are economic hardship and environmental factors, which force individuals to seek better opportunities and safer living conditions.

Step 1: Define "immigrants" in this context. In the context of internal migration within India, "immigrants" refers to people who migrate into a state from other states.

Step 2: Identify pull factors for migration. The primary pull factor for inter-state migration is economic opportunity.

Step 3: Analyze the given states. Maharashtra, with major urban and industrial centers like Mumbai and Pune, is a major economic hub that attracts a vast number of migrants from across the country in search of jobs and better livelihoods. States like Bihar are typically source states (net out-migration), not destination states.

Step 1: Differentiate between push and pull factors of migration.

Push factors are negative conditions that encourage a person to leave their place of origin (e.g., poverty, war, natural disaster).
Pull factors are positive conditions that attract a person to a new destination (e.g., job opportunities, safety, better amenities).

Step 2: Classify the given options.

(A) Better living conditions - Pull factor.
(B) Favourable climate - Pull factor.
(D) Peace and stability - Pull factor.
(C) Poor living conditions - This is a reason to leave a place, making it a classic push factor.

Step 3: Identify the option that is not a pull factor. Poor living conditions is a push factor, not a pull factor.

Step 1: Differentiate between push and pull factors.

Push factors are negative conditions that compel people to leave a place.
Pull factors are positive attributes that attract people to a place.

Step 2: Classify the given options.

(A) Water shortage - Negative condition, Push factor.
(C) Unemployment - Negative condition, Push factor.
(D) Epidemics - Negative condition, Push factor.
(B) Educational facilities - The presence of good educational facilities is a positive attribute that attracts people, making it a classic Pull factor.

Step 3: Identify the option that is not a push factor. Educational facilities is a pull factor.