Nucleophilic And Electrophilic Substitution Reactions Both Aromatic And Aliphatic

Step 1: Identify the Reagents.
The reagents involved are chloroform (CHCl₃) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) under heat (Δ), which is a reaction known as the Reimer-Tiemann reaction. This reaction is used to form ortho and para-hydroxy compounds by introducing a hydroxyl group (-OH) at the ortho or para position relative to an existing substituent, usually a methyl or halogen.

Step 2: Mechanism of the Reaction.
- In this case, the starting compound is methylated, and the hydroxyl group is added to the aromatic ring via electrophilic substitution.
- The major product will have the hydroxyl group added in the para position to the methyl group, resulting in the para-hydroxy methyl derivative.

Step 3: Conclusion.
The major product is the para-hydroxy methyl compound, corresponding to option (2).

Final Answer: