Surveying

Step 1: Understanding Magnetic Declination.
The magnetic declination is the angle between magnetic north and true north. If the magnetic declination is 5°30' east, it means the magnetic north is 5°30' to the east of true north.
Step 2: Calculating the True Bearing.
The true bearing can be calculated by adding the magnetic declination to the magnetic bearing of the line A(B) The magnetic bearing of line AB is 88°45', and the magnetic declination is 5°30' east.
Step 3: Conclusion.
Therefore, the true bearing of line AB is 93°15', making option (1) the correct answer.

Final Answer:

Step 1: Understanding Instruments.
- Alidade is used in chain surveying for sighting and measuring the direction of the line.
- Arrow is used in leveling to mark the instrument's position or sight line.
- Bubble tube is used in plain table surveying to ensure the instrument is level.
- Stadia hair is used in theodolite surveying to measure horizontal distances.

Step 2: Conclusion.
Thus, the correct matching is: (A) - (III), (B) - (I), (C) - (II), (D) - (IV). Therefore, option (1) is correct.

Final Answer:

Step 1: Understanding the problem.
The given measurement with the 30 m tape is 1000 m, but the tape is 0.10 m too long. This means that every measurement with the 30 m tape is 0.10 m longer than the actual length.
Step 2: Calculating the Actual Length.
The length measured with the 30 m tape is 1000 m. To get the correct length, we need to subtract the overestimation of 0.10 m. The actual length is:
Step 3: Correcting for the 20 m Chain.
The 20 m chain was used to measure the length as 1010 m. Since it was used with a tape that overestimates, we can use the ratio of actual to measured lengths to correct it.
Step 4: Conclusion.
The actual length of the 20 m chain is 19.87 m. Hence, the correct answer is (1).

Final Answer:

Step 1: Understanding Contour Characteristics.
- (A) A uniform slope is indicated by uniformly spaced contour lines, which is true.
- (B) Contour lines can close on themselves, forming a loop, which is also true.
- (C) A set of closed contours represents either a depression or a summit, with lower values being inward for a depression and higher values being inward for a summit. This is correct.
- (D) A contour is an imaginary line passing through points of equal level on the earth’s surface, which is the definition of a contour line.

Step 2: Conclusion.
All four characteristics are correct, so option (3) is the correct answer.

Final Answer:

Step 1: Understanding Survey Types.
- (A) Engineering survey is essential for collecting data for planning and executing engineering projects, making this statement true.
- (B) Reconnaissance survey is the preliminary survey used to assess the feasibility and estimate the cost of a project, so this statement is correct.
- (C) Route survey is conducted to represent the topography of a region, and this is accurate.
- (D) Archaeological survey helps in discovering and unearthing ancient relics, which is also true.

Step 2: Conclusion.
All four statements are correct, so option (1) is the correct answer.

Final Answer:

Step 1: Understanding Back Bearing.
The back bearing is the opposite direction of the fore bearing. To calculate the back bearing, we add 180° to the fore bearing. If the result is greater than 360°, subtract 360°.
Step 2: Calculating the Back Bearing.
The fore bearing of line AB is 15°30'. The back bearing will be: Since the result is less than 360°, there is no need to subtract 360°.
Step 3: Conclusion.
Therefore, the back bearing of line AB is 195°30', making option (4) the correct answer.

Final Answer:

Step 1: Understanding the Corrections.
Each type of correction is associated with a specific formula that involves certain variables like load (W), length (L), and others.
Step 2: Matching the Corrections to Formulas.
- (A) Sag correction uses the formula . Thus, it matches with (I).
- (B) Pull correction uses the formula . Thus, it matches with (II).
- (C) Temperature correction uses the formula . Thus, it matches with (III).
- (D) Mean sea level correction uses the formula . Thus, it matches with (IV).

Step 3: Conclusion.
Therefore, the correct match is: (A) - (I), (B) - (III), (C) - (II), (D) - (IV), making option (3) the correct answer.

Final Answer: