Morphology Of Flowering Plants

In insectivorous plant Nepenthes the lamina forms the pitcher, the lid represent the apex, the petiole is tendrilar whereas leaf base is flattened. In Utricularia which is submerged floating hydrophyte the leaves are dissected and some of the leaf segments gets modified into tiny bladders.

When the stem is flattened and function as leaf it is called phylloclade or cladophyll i.e., it is green, photosynthetic succulent stem of indefinite growth, e.g., Opuntia, Ruscus, Lemna etc.

In Utricularia (a submerged floating hydrophyte) the leaves are dissected. Some of the leaf segments get modified into tiny bladders. They have a single opening guarded by a valve.

The root system that develops from any part of the plant body other than the radicle is called the adventitious root system or fibrous root system. It is mostly seen in monocotyledonous plants.

The hesperidium fruit develops from a multicarpellary, syncarpous, multilocular, superior ovary with axile placentation. Many oil glands occur in the epicarp. Mesocarp is in the form of white fibrous part fused with epicarp. Numerous unicellular juicy edible hairs (placental hairs) are present on the inner side of the endoearp which are edible, eg, Citrus lemon (lemon), Citrus reticulata (vern santara).

The genus Allium belongs to the family - Amaryllidaceae. In members of this family, the gynoecium consists of three carpels, which are syncarpous. The ovary is superior (in Allium) or inferior. The placentation is axile. Usually the ovary is trilocular. Mostly many ovules in each loculus. The ovules are anatropous and superimposed, arranged in two series. The style is slender with a capitate or trilobed stigrna.

Plants growing in dry and xerophytic conditions usually do not have well-developed leaves. In them, the stems modify to perform the functions of leaves as they are green and photosynthetic, such modified stems are called phylloclades.

Spadix is a modification of spike inflorescence in which floral axis (peduncle) becomes fleshy and contains both male and female flowers. The peduncle bears an upper coloured and sterile appendix. A large, leafy, coloured bract called spa the, covers the floral axis, eg, Musa (banana), Colocasia, Arum maculatum, etc.

Caryopsis is an indehiscent dry simple fruit which develops from monocarpellary, unilocular and superior ovary. It is one-seeded fruit in which seed coat is fused with pericarp. Such fruit is also called grain, e.g., members of family-Poaceae.

Answer (d) Vexillary

A steam with hollow internodes and solid nodes is called culm, e.g., bamboo, sugarcane, etc.

Answer (b) Solanaceae

Answer (a) Epicotyl