The Reproductive System

Step 1: Understanding Homologous Structures

Homologous structures in males and females originate from the same embryonic tissues but develop differently due to hormonal influence.
Step 2: Bartholin’s Glands and Bulbourethral Glands

- Bartholin’s glands in females are functionally similar to the bulbourethral (Cowper’s) glands in males. - These glands secrete mucus for lubrication during sexual activity.
Step 3: Conclusion

Since Bartholin’s glands are homologous to the bulbourethral glands, the correct answer is Option (1).

Step 1: Oogenesis Process:
During oogenesis in humans:

• The primary oocyte completes Meiosis I within the tertiary follicle to form a large Secondary oocyte and a tiny First polar body.
• The secondary oocyte proceeds to Meiosis II but arrests at Metaphase II.
• It is at this stage (Secondary oocyte) that the Graafian follicle ruptures and releases the gamete during ovulation.
• Meiosis II is completed only after the entry of sperm (fertilization).

Step 2: Final Answer:
The released "ovum" is technically a Secondary oocyte.

Uterine wall layers (outer to inner): Myometrium (smooth muscle), endometrium (epithelium + glandular layer). Smooth muscles provide contractile support, epithelium lines lumen, glandular layer secretes uterine fluids.

• I: Sertoli cells are stimulated mainly by FSH and are involved in spermiation — the pairing “Sertoli cells — Luteinising hormone” is incorrect (should be FSH). So I is not a correct full combination.
• II: Leydig cells produce testosterone which brings about secondary sexual characters in males — II is correct.
• III: Corpus luteum mainly secretes progesterone (and some estrogen) and is not involved in spermiogenesis — III is incorrect.
• IV: Luteinising hormone acts on a mature follicle (Graafian follicle) to induce ovulation — IV is correct.
• Therefore the correct combinations are II, IV — option (1).