Cell Cycle And Cell Division

Answer (c) Two homologous chromosomes

The basic parts of cell cycle are interphase and M-phase or dividing phase. The interphase is metabolically the most active stage and divided into and phases. The correct sequence of phases in cell cycle is

In metaphase, chromosomes are shortest and show maximum condensation. Chromosomes are arranged at equatorial metaphasic plate. Structure, size and number of chromosomes are best studied at metaphase.

phase is the arrest phase or suspended phase of cell cycle. The cells remain inactive or in a non-dividing resting state during this phase and may remain such for days to years before resuming cell division, .e.g., nerve cells remain in phase.

Prophase-I is the largest phase of meiosis-I. It is further divided into five subphases -Leptotene, zygotene, pachytene, diplotene and diakinesis.

The complete cell cycle contains a sequence of phases which are Interphase which is further subdivided into phase or postmitotic gap, S-phase or synthesis phase and phase or premitotic gap respectively and Dividing phase or M-phase (mitotic or meiotic phase) which comprises karyokinesis and cytokinesis. So, the correct sequence of phases in cell cycle is

During the S-phase (synthetic phase) of cell cycle, replication of DNA takes place on the template of the existing DNA. Hence, DNA content of the cell is doubled. During mitosis, it is equally distributed into two daughter cells, resuming the chromosome number of parent cell. On the other hand, during meiosis it is divided into four daughter cells each with half the chromosome number of parent cell.