Biodiversity And Conservation

Biodiversity hotspots are the areas of high endemism and high levels of species richness. Initially biodiversity hotspots were identified, but subsequently nine more have been added to list bringing the total number of biodiversity hotspots in the world to .

ln-situ conservation means 'on-site conservation'. In situ conservation is the protection and management of important components of biological diversity through a network of protected areas. Botanical gardens come under Ex situ conservation which is a conservation outside the natural habitats of plants by perpetuating sample populations.

Kanha National Park is situated at Mandia and Balaghat, Madhya Pradesh. It is famous for tigers (Panthera tigris) and black buck (Antelope cervicarpa).

In tropical region (latitudinal rang of to ), Species diversity is maximum than temperate region. This richness of species is due to higher rain fall (precipitation) throughout the year which in turn result into higher relative humidity, both condition allow to flourish fauna and flora, i.e., abundant evergreen forest with lower group plant like algae and bryophytes.

In situ (on site) conservation is conservation and protection of the whole ecosystem and its biodiversity at all levels in order to protect the threatened species. Two methods are being used to save biodiversity, hotspots and protected areas. Protected areas include national parks, sanctuaries, biosphere reserves and sacred forests. Zoological parks serve the purpose of ex-situ conservation.

An ecologist use the term biodiversity or biological diversity to the variety of life forms and habitats found in defined area. In other words biodiversity can be defined-as the variety of species of all Iiving plant and animals and microbes also living in their natural habitats and the ecological complexes of which they are a part.

According to the estimate made by Robert May, the largest taxon among plants in terms of number of species is fungi, followed by algae, mosses and ferns.

The distribution of species diversity is highest in tropical regions of the earth, while it is lowest in the polar regions due to the optimum conditions prevailing in tropics.