Morphology Of Flowering Plants

: Coconut, mango, and almond fruit is drupe. These fruits develop from mono- or multicarpellary, syncarpous ovary. These fruits are uni- or multilocular with one or many seeds. Epicarp of these fruits forms the skin of the fruit. Mesocarp is fleshy or fibrous and endocarp is hard and stony.

Malvin Calvin found that certain plants of family-Euphorbiaceae convert a substantial amount of photosynthate into latex containing liquid hydrocarbon, which are potential substitutes for petroleum, eg, Hevea brasiliensis, Euphorbia abyssinica etc and some of the plants of family-Asclepiadaceae, Apocynaceae, Leguminosae, Sapotaceae, Mosaceae, Dipterocarpeceae and Compositae. Dead serum of the algae Botryococcus braunii also contains about hydrocarbon closely resembling the crude oil. Most of it is located on cell wall and can be recovered by centrifugation.

Amla (Emblica officinalis) is a member of Euphorbiaceae. Ifs tree is found growing throughout India. It bears spherical, pulpy, light, green fruits in a cluster and is one of the richest source of vitamin-C. The fresh fruit is an excellent tonic, antiscorbutes diuretic and laxative. Murabba prepared from it is an excellent remedy for indigestion, constipation, flatulence and gastric disorders. The dried fruit is considered to be a good blood purifier, refrigerant, stomachic and antiscorbutic.

Liliaceae is the lily family, while Compositae or Asteraceae is the sunflower family.

The mustard family consist of annual, biennial or perennial herbs with pungent oils in the sap. There are about genera and about species. The leaves are alternate and simple and usually have forked or star like, one-celled hairs.

In marginal placentation, the placenta forms a ridge along the ventral suture of the ovary and the ovules are borne on this ridge forming two rows, as in pea.

When the margin of thalamus grows upward enclosing the ovary completely and getting fused with it and the other parts of the flower arise above the ovary, such flowers are called epigynous flowers and this type of ovary is said to be inferior, e.g., flowers of guava and cucumber and the ray florets of sunflower.

nigrum is the species of genus Solanum, i.e., Solanum nigrum (Vern makoi), which belong to family-Solanaceae. Mangifera is a genus of family-Anacardiaceae, i.e., Mangifera indica (mango). Triticum is genus of family-Poaceae, i.e., Triticum aestivum, and Pisum sativum (common pea) belong to family-Fabaceae.

Endosperm, a result of triple fusion provide nourishment to developing embryo and is stored for further development as reserve food in some seed. Those seed, which store endosperm as reserve food are called as endospermic seed or albuminous seed. While in non-endospermic seed or exaibuminous seed endosperm is consumed by developing embryo and food is stored in cotyledons, e.g., pea, groundnut and bean, gram, etc.

Family-Solanaceae is commonly called as potato family. It is widely distributed in tropics, subtropics and even temperate zones.
Plants belonging to this family are tomato, brinjal, potato, chilli, Datura (belladonna), ashwagandha tobacco and petunia, etc.

Leaf tendrils are thread-like sensitive structures which can coil around a support to help the plant in climbing. Leaflet tendrils are type of leaf tendrils, shown by pea, in which a few upper leaflets of the pinnate compound leaves are transformed into tendrils while the rest are normal.

Floral formula of family-Fabaceae, also called Leguminaceae is