Government Policies

Step 1: Key features of Indian system. The executive (PM and Council of Ministers) is drawn from and collectively responsible to the lower house (Lok Sabha). The President is a constitutional head—classic parliamentary traits.

Step 2: Contrast with Presidential. In a presidential system, the President is both head of state and head of government, not removable by a legislative no-confidence vote—unlike India.

Step 3: Conclude.

Step 1: Define the presidential system.
A system with a separately elected executive (President) who is both head of state and head of government, with a fixed tenure and separation of powers from the legislature.

Step 2: Historical origin.
The modern presidential model {originated} with the U.S. Constitution (1787). It institutionalized separation of powers, checks and balances, and independent mandates for President and Congress.

Step 3: Rule out other options.
Canada follows the Westminster parliamentary system; France is semi-presidential (5th Republic, 1958); Sri Lanka adopted a presidential/semi-presidential variant later, not the originator.

Step 4: Conclude.