Modern Indian History

Step 1: Understanding the Question:
The question asks to identify the first Law Minister of independent India.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
After India's independence in 1947, the first cabinet of ministers was formed, headed by Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru.
In this first cabinet, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar was appointed as the Minister of Law.
His appointment was significant given his legal expertise and his role as the Chairman of the Drafting Committee of the Constituent Assembly. He held this post from 15 August 1947 to September 1951.
Step 3: Final Answer
Dr. B. R. Ambedkar was the first law minister of India.

Step 1: Understanding the Question:
The question asks to identify the leader who gave the famous slogan of 'Total Revolution' (Sampoorna Kranti).
Step 2: Key Concept:
The 'Total Revolution' was a call for a comprehensive transformation of Indian society, encompassing social, economic, political, cultural, ideological, and educational spheres.
Step 3: Detailed Explanation:
The slogan of 'Total Revolution' was given by the veteran Gandhian and socialist leader Jayaprakash Narayan, popularly known as JP.
He gave this call on June 5, 1974, at a massive rally in Patna, Bihar.
This movement was launched against the alleged corruption and authoritarianism of the Indira Gandhi-led government and it called for the overthrow of the government through peaceful and non-violent means. The movement was a major political event in the period leading up to the declaration of the Emergency in 1975.
Step 4: Final Answer
The slogan of 'Total Revolution' was given by Jayaprakash Narayan.

Step 1: Understanding the Question:
The question asks to identify the new nation that was created as a result of the war between India and Pakistan in 1971.
Step 2: Key Concept:
The 1971 war was triggered by the Bangladesh Liberation War, a conflict between the then West Pakistan and East Pakistan.
Step 3: Detailed Explanation:
Before 1971, Pakistan consisted of two geographically separate parts: West Pakistan (present-day Pakistan) and East Pakistan (present-day Bangladesh).
In 1971, a political and linguistic nationalist movement in East Pakistan led to a call for independence and a brutal crackdown by the West Pakistani army. This resulted in the Bangladesh Liberation War.
India intervened in the conflict in support of the people of East Pakistan. The ensuing Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 led to the defeat of the Pakistani military in the East.
This resulted in the birth of the new independent nation of Bangladesh.
Step 4: Final Answer
The new country born in the Indo-Pak war of 1971 was Bangladesh.

Step 1: Understanding the Question:
The question asks to identify the countries that signed the Tashkent Agreement.
Step 2: Key Concept:
The Tashkent Agreement, formally the Tashkent Declaration, was a peace treaty signed to resolve the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965.
Step 3: Detailed Explanation:
The agreement was signed on 10 January 1966 in Tashkent (which was then part of the USSR, now the capital of Uzbekistan).
The signatories were:
- Lal Bahadur Shastri, the Prime Minister of India.
- Muhammad Ayub Khan, the President of Pakistan.
The Soviet Premier Alexei Kosygin mediated the agreement. The declaration aimed to restore normal and peaceful relations between the two countries and for them to withdraw their armed forces to pre-war positions.
Step 4: Final Answer
The Tashkent Agreement was signed between India and Pakistan.

Step 1: Understanding the Question:
The question asks for the place of origin of the Naxalite movement in India.
Step 2: Key Concept:
Naxalism is a form of armed insurgency that originated as a radical left-wing, communist movement. The term 'Naxal' derives from the name of the village where the movement began.
Step 3: Detailed Explanation:
The Naxalite movement traces its origins to a violent peasant uprising that took place in 1967.
This uprising occurred in the village of Naxalbari, located in the Darjeeling district of West Bengal.
The rebellion was led by Charu Majumdar, Kanu Sanyal, and Jangal Santhal, and it was inspired by Maoist ideology. The movement later spread to other parts of India, particularly to the forested and tribal areas of central and eastern India.
Step 4: Final Answer
Naxalism started from the Naxalbari village in West Bengal.