Political Theory

Evolved during the Cold War, the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM)—inspired by leaders like Nehru, Nasser and Tito—affirmed strategic autonomy, peaceful coexistence and anti-colonial solidarity. States avoided bloc military alliances, assessed issues on merit, and supported disarmament, development and South–South cooperation. India’s non-alignment means {issue-based partnerships} without sacrificing independent decision-making (≈57 words).

Step 1: Explain the phrase. It means every eligible citizen’s vote carries equal weight in electing representatives—no vote counts more than another.

Step 2: Category mapping. This is a {political} concept tied to democratic participation and representation, not social status, wealth, or court treatment.

Step 3: Eliminate distractors. Social and economic equality deal with status/income; legal equality means equal treatment before law—but the question points to electoral equality.

Step 4: Conclude.

Step 1: Elements of a state in political theory.
A state requires population, territory, government, and sovereignty. Of these, {sovereignty}—supreme authority internally and independence externally—is decisive.

Step 2: Why others are not “elements.”
Flag, capital and traditions are important symbols/institutions, not constitutive elements.

Step 3: Conclude.