Transition Metals

- Statement (A) is incorrect. The ability of Fluorine to stabilize higher oxidation states in transition metals is not due to the low lattice enthalpy of fluorides. In fact, it is primarily because Fluorine has a high electronegativity, which allows it to effectively stabilize the metal in higher oxidation states by accepting electrons. The low lattice enthalpy of fluorides does not directly contribute to this stabilization. - Statement (B) is correct. The second and third ionisation enthalpies of Mn and Fe are indeed lower than expected because of the stability of the d and d electron configurations in Mn and Fe ions respectively. - Statement (C) is correct. Transition metals tend to form alloys because their metallic radii are similar, typically within about 15% of each other, which allows for easy mixing and formation of solid solutions. - Statement (D) is correct. C acts as a reducing agent, while Mn acts as an oxidizing agent despite both having a d configuration because of their respective positions and behavior in redox reactions.