Food Laws

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
The Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC) is the central part of the Joint FAO/WHO Food Standards Programme and is responsible for developing international food standards, guidelines, and codes of practice to protect the health of consumers and ensure fair practices in the food trade.
Step 3: Detailed Explanation:
- The Codex Alimentarius Commission was established in 1963 as a joint intergovernmental body.
- It was created by two United Nations organizations: - (A) World Health Organization (WHO), which is concerned with protecting public health. - (C) Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), which is concerned with ensuring food quality and supply.
- The World Trade Organization (WTO) uses Codex standards as a benchmark in international trade disputes but did not establish the CAC.
- The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) is a separate, non-governmental body that develops a wide range of standards, including those for food safety management systems (e.g., ISO 22000).
Step 4: Final Answer:
The Codex Alimentarius Commission was jointly established by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Therefore, the correct combination is (A) and (C), which is option (C).

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
AGMARK is a certification mark for agricultural products in India, assuring that they conform to a grade standard notified by the Government of India. The question asks for the specific body responsible for setting up and administering this standard.
Step 3: Detailed Explanation:
- The acronym AGMARK stands for AGricultural MARK.
- This certification scheme was introduced through the Agricultural Produce (Grading and Marking) Act of 1937.
- The legally constituted body responsible for the implementation of AGMARK standards is the Directorate of Marketing and Inspection (DMI), which is an attached office of the Department of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare under the Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare.
- While the Ministry of Agriculture is the parent ministry, the Directorate of Marketing and Inspection is the specific agency that sets up and enforces the standard, making it the most precise answer. The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare oversees the FSSAI.
Step 4: Final Answer:
The AGMARK standard is set up and implemented by the Directorate of Marketing and Inspection (DMI). Therefore, option (C) is the correct answer.

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
This question asks for the correct term for foods designed to manage specific health conditions or diseases. This falls under a specific category in food regulation and science.
Step 3: Detailed Explanation:
- The definition provided in the question—"specially processed or formulated to satisfy a particular dietary requirement which exists due to a disease or disorder"—directly corresponds to the regulatory category known as Foods for Special Dietary Use (FSDU) or Medical Foods.
- Examples include gluten-free products for celiac disease, lactose-free milk for lactose intolerance, or formulations for individuals with phenylketonuria (PKU).
- Let's analyze the options: - Healthy foods and Balanced foods are general, non-specific terms. - Nutraceuticals are typically products derived from food sources with extra health benefits, often sold in medicinal forms (e.g., capsules of fish oil). While related, the term FSDU is more specific to whole food formulations for disease management. - Special foods is the best available option, serving as a simplified term for the official category of "Foods for Special Dietary Use".
Step 4: Final Answer:
The most appropriate term among the choices for foods formulated to manage a disease or disorder is "Special foods," as a proxy for Foods for Special Dietary Use. Therefore, option (D) is correct.