Cold War Era

1. The Korean War (1950–1953) marked one of the earliest conflicts of the Cold War.
2. The Soviet invasion of Hungary (1956) showcased the USSR’s dominance over Eastern Europe.
3. The Berlin Wall (1961) symbolized Cold War tensions at their peak.
4. The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan (1979) highlighted the USSR’s military engagements outside its territory.

This sequence reflects the Cold War’s geopolitical and military developments.

The correct chronological order is:

1. The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor (1941) marked the US entry into World War II.
2. The Cuban Missile Crisis (1962) brought the world to the brink of nuclear war during the Cold War.
3. The Indian Peace Keeping Force (IPKF) deployment to Sri Lanka (1987) was aimed at resolving the Sri Lankan Civil War.
4. The Kargil War (1999) was a conflict between India and Pakistan in the Kargil sector.

Understanding the timeline of these events helps contextualize significant global conflicts and interventions.

The chronological order of these organizations based on their establishment is:

• UNO (United Nations Organization) was established in 1945.
• NAM (Non-Aligned Movement) began in 1961.
• ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) was established in 1967.
• SAARC (South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation) was established in 1985. This sequence matches option 4.

• (A) Correct: Realism emphasizes the role of egoism in power politics.
• (B) Incorrect: Dependency theory is not associated with Realism; it belongs to critical theories.
• (C) Correct: Statecraft and national interest are fundamental to Realism.
• (D) Correct: The balance of power is a central concept in maintaining liberty and avoiding dominance.

The collapse of communism and the end of the Cold War resulted from:

• Structural Weaknesses (A): Soviet-style communism was inefficient and rigid, failing to adapt to modern economic challenges.
• Gorbachev’s Reforms (C): Policies like Glasnost and Perestroika introduced political openness and economic restructuring, weakening the communist system.
• Globalization (D): Economic and cultural globalization exposed the Soviet Union’s shortcomings and increased pressures for change.

The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan (B): contributed but was not a primary reason for communism’s collapse.