Thermodynamics

Step 1: Use Gibbs free energy criteria.
For a process to be spontaneous at constant temperature and pressure, the change in Gibbs free energy must be negative, i.e.,
Step 2: Evaluate other options.
: Implies non-spontaneous process.
: Possible, but does not guarantee spontaneity.
: May occur, but not a definitive condition for spontaneity.
: This is the correct condition for spontaneity.