Democratic Upsurge And Coalition Politics

• The Mandal Commission, officially known as the Second Backward Classes Commission, was established in 1979.
• It was appointed by the Janata Party government, led by then Prime Minister Morarji Desai.
• The purpose of the commission was to identify socially or educationally backward classes in India and recommend steps for their advancement.
• The commission was headed by Bindeshwar Mandal, from whom it got the popular name "Mandal Commission."
• The commission submitted its report in 1980, recommending reservations of 27% in government jobs and educational institutions for Other Backward Classes (OBCs).
• The recommendations were later implemented in 1990 by Prime Minister V.P. Singh, leading to widespread protests and debates across the country.

So, the correct answer is (C): Janata Party.

In 1957, Kerala made history by becoming the first state in the world to elect a communist government through a democratic election process. This historical milestone was achieved when the Communist Party of India (CPI) emerged victorious in the state assembly elections held in March 1957. Under the leadership of E. M. S. Namboodiripad, who became the Chief Minister, the CPI formed the government. This event was significant as it demonstrated the successful functioning of democratic principles in electing a government with a communist ideology, a rare occurrence globally and a unique one for India.

Therefore, the correct option is: Kerala.