Global Politics

The correct pairings are: \begin{itemize} \item A. New World Order: 1991 (after the end of the Cold War, George H. W. Bush referred to the emergence of a new geopolitical landscape). \item B. World Trade Center: September 11, 2001 (the tragic terrorist attacks in the U.S.). \item C. Operation Iraqi Freedom: Iraq (the U.S.-led invasion in 2003). \item D. Operation Enduring Freedom: Afghanistan (the U.S. military operation in Afghanistan post-9/11). \end{itemize}
Historical Context: These events reflect significant moments in the global political landscape, particularly the post-Cold War era and the War on Terror.

Step 1: Understanding the Statements
Let us evaluate each statement in the context of Sri Lankan history and India’s involvement:
- (A) India signed an accord with Sri Lanka and sent troops to stabilize relations between the Sri Lankan government and the Tamils: This is correct. The Indo-Sri Lanka Accord was signed in 1987, which allowed Indian Peace Keeping Force (IPKF) troops to be stationed in Sri Lanka to help resolve the Tamil insurgency.
- (B) In 1989, the Indian Peace Keeping Force (IPKF) pulled out of Sri Lanka without attaining its objective: This is correct. The IPKF was unable to bring about peace between the Tamil Tigers (LTTE) and the Sri Lankan government and withdrew from the country in 1989 after facing significant challenges.
- (C) The LTTE was vanquished in 2009: This is correct. The Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE), which had been engaged in a civil war with the Sri Lankan government for decades, was finally defeated in 2009 after the government launched a successful military campaign.
- (D) Sri Lanka has retained democracy since its independence in 1947: This is incorrect. Although Sri Lanka has had democratic elections, the country has faced periods of authoritarian rule, particularly during the Sri Lankan Civil War. Thus, it has not consistently retained democracy in the modern sense.
Step 2: Conclusion
The correct answer is (2) Only (A), (B) and (C) are correct.

Step 1: Context of Tamil Demand
The demand for a separate country, "Tamil Eelam," was one of the core issues raised by the Tamil community in Sri Lanka. The Tamils, who felt marginalized by the Sinhalese-dominated government, called for autonomy and recognition of their rights within Sri Lanka. This demand was primarily driven by their desire for cultural, political, and economic rights, as well as protection from perceived discrimination.
Step 2: The LTTE's Role
The Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) emerged as the most significant organization advocating for the creation of Tamil Eelam. The group engaged in an armed struggle against the Sri Lankan government, pushing for the creation of a separate Tamil nation within Sri Lanka. This demand resulted in a prolonged civil conflict in Sri Lanka.
Step 3: Final Answer
Therefore, the primary demand of the Tamils to the Sri Lankan government was for a separate state called "Tamil Eelam," which is why option (C) is the correct answer.

Step 1: Identifying Durga Thapa
Durga Thapa is a renowned social activist known for her contribution to various social causes, particularly in the region of Nepal. She has been instrumental in promoting women’s rights, education, and social justice. While the image was not visible to me, based on your context, she is the most likely candidate for this particular question.
Step 2: Understanding the Options
- (A) Nahar Thapa: There is no significant record of an activist by this name in this context. - (C) Renuka Kani: Although this name is familiar in various contexts, it is not associated with the activism referred to here. - (D) Tima Koni: There is no prominent record of Tima Koni in this field either.
Step 3: Final Answer
Therefore, the correct answer is (B) Durga Thapa.

Step 1: Historical name of Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka, previously known as Ceylon, was a British colony from 1815 until it gained independence in 1948. The name "Ceylon" was used during the colonial period and remained the official name until 1972 when the country became a republic and changed its name to Sri Lanka.
Step 2: Analyzing each option
- (A) Rangoon: Rangoon is the former name of Yangon, the largest city in Myanmar (Burma), not Sri Lanka. This option is incorrect.
- (B) Ceylon: This is the correct answer. Sri Lanka was officially known as Ceylon until 1972.
- (C) Shatagu: There is no historical record of Sri Lanka being known as Shatagu. This option is incorrect.
- (D) Shahbajgadhi: This is also not a known historical name for Sri Lanka. This option is incorrect.
Step 3: Final Answer
Thus, the earlier name of Sri Lanka was Ceylon, making the correct answer Option (B).

Step 1: The Movement for Democracy
The movement to restore democracy in Nepal, particularly the 2006 popular uprising known as the "People's Movement" or Jana Andolan II, was led by the Seven Party Alliance (SPA). This alliance consisted of major democratic political parties in Nepal, including the Nepali Congress, the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist), and other smaller factions.
Step 2: Non-Violent Nature
The movement was non-violent and was primarily focused on protesting against the royal autocratic rule, demanding the restoration of democracy and constitutional rights.
Step 3: Final Answer
Thus, the non-violent movement to restore democracy in Nepal was led by the Seven Party Alliance. The correct answer is (D) Seven Party Alliance.

Step 1: Understanding Nepal's transition to a democratic republic
Nepal officially became a democratic republic in 2008, after the monarchy was abolished. The monarchy, which had ruled Nepal for centuries, was formally ended after a decade-long civil war and the signing of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement in 2006. In 2008, the monarchy was abolished by the first meeting of the newly elected constituent assembly. Nepal thus transitioned into a federal democratic republic.
Step 2: Analyzing the options
- (A) "2004" → This is incorrect. The monarchy was still in power in 2004.
- (B) "2015" → This is incorrect. By 2015, Nepal had already become a democratic republic, and the focus shifted to drafting the new constitution.
- (C) "2008" → This is the correct answer. Nepal became a democratic republic in 2008 after the monarchy was abolished.
- (D) "2010" → This is incorrect. Nepal had already become a republic by 2010.
Step 3: Conclusion
Therefore, the correct year when Nepal became a democratic republic is 2008. Thus, the correct answer is option (C).

Step 1: Context of the Demand for New Democratic Constitution
In 1990, a significant political movement took place in Nepal, led by a coalition of democratic forces, including political parties and mass protests against the autocratic monarchy. This movement demanded democratic reforms and a new constitution that would allow for a parliamentary system.
Step 2: The Role of King Birendra
King Birendra of Nepal, who had previously ruled in a more autocratic manner, accepted the demand for a new democratic constitution after widespread protests and the political pressure from both within and outside the country. The King's decision in 1990 marked a turning point in Nepal's history, leading to the establishment of a multiparty democracy.
Step 3: Final Answer
Therefore, the correct year in which the King of Nepal accepted the demand for a new democratic constitution is 1990.