Political Science And International Relations

The chronological order of these significant agreements is: % Option (1)
Panchsheel Agreement (1954): This agreement between India and China outlined five principles for peaceful coexistence.
% Option (2)
Tashkent Agreement (1966): This agreement, signed between India and Pakistan, aimed to end the 1965 war.
% Option (3)
Treaty of Peace, Friendship and Cooperation (1971): This treaty formalized the strong relationship between India and the Soviet Union.
% Option (4)
Shimla Agreement (1972): This agreement between India and Pakistan focused on normalizing relations following the 1971 war.

Step 1: Anti-ballistic Missile Treaty (A)
The Anti-ballistic Missile Treaty was signed between the United States and the Soviet Union in 1972 as part of efforts to limit missile defense systems, making the correct match (A) - (III).
Step 2: Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (B)
The Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) was opened for signature in 1968 and is aimed at preventing the spread of nuclear weapons and promoting peaceful uses of nuclear energy, thus the match is (B) - (I).
Step 3: Chemical Weapons Convention Treaty (C)
The Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) was adopted in 1992 and focuses on eliminating chemical weapons. Hence, the correct match is (C) - (IV).
Step 4: India’s First Nuclear Test (D)
India conducted its first nuclear test in 1974 under the code name "Smiling Buddha," making the correct match (D) - (II).
Step 5: Final Answer
Thus, the correct answer is (3) (A) - (III), (B) - (I), (C) - (IV), (D) - (II).

Step 1: Understanding the question
The question refers to the 1971 peace and friendship treaty signed between India and a country. India signed a 20-year treaty with the Soviet Union in 1971 during the Indo-Pak war. This treaty was critical during the liberation of East Pakistan and the creation of Bangladesh.
Step 2: Analyzing the options
- (A) China → India did not sign a peace treaty with China in 1971. This is not the correct answer.
- (B) Pakistan → India and Pakistan were at war in 1971, and thus no peace treaty was signed between them.
- (C) Soviet Union → This is the correct answer, as India signed the Treaty of Peace, Friendship, and Cooperation with the Soviet Union in 1971.
- (D) Bangladesh → Although Bangladesh was created in 1971, India did not sign a treaty with Bangladesh in the same way as with the Soviet Union.
Step 3: Conclusion
The correct answer is option (C) Soviet Union, as India signed a significant treaty with the Soviet Union in 1971.

Step 1: Context of the Shimla Agreement
The Shimla Agreement was a landmark accord signed between India and Pakistan following the Indo-Pakistani war of 1971. It was signed in the city of Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, in July 1972. The agreement was aimed at improving bilateral relations and resolving conflicts peacefully.
Step 2: Key points of the Agreement
The Shimla Agreement emphasized the respect for the Line of Control (LoC) in Jammu and Kashmir and the peaceful resolution of disputes. It also laid the groundwork for future peace talks between the two nations.
Step 3: Other Events and Dates
- July 1966 refers to the Tashkent Agreement signed after the 1965 Indo-Pakistani war. - July 1976 and July 1987 are not significant for the Shimla Agreement.
Step 4: Final Answer
Therefore, the correct answer is (B) July 1972.

Step 1: Understanding the Miracle on the Han River
The "Miracle on the Han River" refers to the rapid and remarkable economic development of South Korea after the Korean War. From being one of the poorest countries in the world, South Korea became one of the largest economies in Asia, primarily due to its focus on industrialization, export-driven growth, and technological advancements.
Step 2: Reasons for South Korea's Economic Growth
After the war, South Korea adopted various economic reforms, including land reforms, focused investments in heavy industries, and support for education. The government played a key role in fostering the conditions for rapid economic growth, which included the development of key industries such as electronics, shipbuilding, and automobiles. This transformation is often referred to as the "Miracle on the Han River."
Step 3: Final Answer
Therefore, the country known for this economic miracle is South Korea. Thus, the correct answer is Option (C).

Step 1: Establishment of the Department
The Department of Defence Supplies was established to manage the supply of materials and equipment required for India's defence sector. It played a key role during the period when India was strengthening its military preparedness.
Step 2: Date of Establishment
The Department was set up in 1965 to streamline the procurement and supply of materials related to national defence. It was particularly crucial during the time of growing military needs.
Step 3: Final Answer
Therefore, the correct answer is that the Department of Defence Supplies was established in 1965.

Step 1: Background of the Farakka Treaty
The Farakka Treaty was signed between India and Bangladesh to resolve disputes over the sharing of the Ganga river water. The treaty was necessary to ensure the equitable distribution of water between the two countries for irrigation, drinking water, and other uses.
Step 2: The Year of Signing
The treaty was signed in 1996, after several rounds of negotiations. It aimed to ensure a fair distribution of water during the dry season when water availability was a concern for both countries.
Step 3: Final Answer
Thus, the correct answer is that India and Bangladesh signed the Farakka Treaty in the year 1996.

Step 1: Understanding the symbolism of the olive branches
The olive branch is a symbol of peace. In the emblem of the United Nations, the olive branches surround the globe, signifying the organization's commitment to achieving and maintaining world peace. This is a well-known international symbol of peace and diplomacy.
Step 2: Analyzing the options
- (A) Security → Security is an important part of the UN's mission, but the olive branches specifically symbolize peace, not security.
- (B) Reform → Reform is a goal of the UN, but not represented by the olive branches in the logo.
- (C) World peace → This is the correct answer. The olive branches in the UN logo represent the goal of achieving world peace.
- (D) Human rights → While human rights are a fundamental aspect of the UN's work, they are not specifically symbolized by the olive branches.
Step 3: Conclusion
Thus, the olive branches in the emblem of the United Nations symbolize world peace. Therefore, the correct answer is option (C).

Step 1: Background of the Summit
The Vajpayee-Musharraf Summit took place in 2001 between Indian Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee and Pakistani President Pervez Musharraf. The summit was held in the city of Agra, India. This summit was a crucial attempt to improve the strained relations between India and Pakistan following the Kargil conflict of 1999.
Step 2: Key Events of the Summit
The summit was held in July 2001, and although the talks between the two leaders were cordial, the summit ultimately failed to yield any significant breakthrough. Both sides failed to reach an agreement on key issues such as the Kashmir dispute, and the talks ended without any formal resolution.
Step 3: Other Locations
- Lahore is the city where the 1999 Lahore Declaration was signed by Vajpayee and Nawaz Sharif. - Delhi and Islamabad were not the locations of the 2001 summit.
Step 4: Final Answer
Therefore, the correct answer is (A) Agra.

Step 1: Background of IPKF
The Indian Peace Keeping Force (IPKF) was deployed in Sri Lanka in 1987 under the Indo-Sri Lanka Accord to assist in maintaining peace during the Sri Lankan Civil War, particularly to ensure the implementation of a ceasefire between the Sri Lankan government and the Tamil rebels.
Step 2: Withdrawal of IPKF
The IPKF was withdrawn from Sri Lanka in 1989 after the Sri Lankan government and the Tamil rebels failed to reach a long-term solution. The political situation and growing domestic opposition in India also led to the decision to pull out the IPKF.
Step 3: Final Answer
Thus, the correct answer is that the IPKF was pulled out from Sri Lanka in 1989.

Step 1: Understanding the Impact of Globalisation
Globalisation has significantly impacted the role of the state in governance. The process leads to increased interconnectedness of economies, societies, and cultures, which often results in the weakening of state power. Let us analyze the provided statements:
- (A) Globalisation results in erosion of state capacity: This is correct. Globalisation reduces the ability of states to exercise complete control over their national economies and political decisions due to external market pressures and global actors.
- (B) It means erosion in the ability of the government to do what they do: This is correct. Governments often find themselves unable to enforce traditional policies or regulations in the face of global economic forces that transcend national boundaries.
- (C) All over the world, the old 'welfare state' is now giving way to a more minimalist state that performs certain core functions: This is also correct. Globalisation has led to the retrenchment of welfare states, and many countries are now focusing on essential functions rather than providing extensive social services.
- (D) In place of the welfare state, it is the market that becomes the prime determinant of economic and social priorities: This is correct. In the era of globalisation, the market often determines economic priorities, with less intervention by the state in economic and social affairs.
Step 2: Conclusion
Since all four statements are correct, the correct answer is (A) (A), (B), (C) and (D).

Step 1: Understanding McDonaldisation
The term McDonaldisation refers to the process by which the principles of the fast-food restaurant, exemplified by McDonald's, have come to dominate various sectors of society. These principles include efficiency, calculability, predictability, and control.
Step 2: Link to Globalisation
McDonaldisation is considered a cultural consequence of globalisation because it highlights how global culture is becoming homogenized. The spread of McDonald's and similar institutions across the world symbolizes the growing influence of Western, consumerist culture.
Step 3: Final Answer
Thus, McDonaldisation is primarily a cultural consequence of globalisation. The correct answer is (3) Cultural consequence of globalisation.

Step 1: Understanding the events
- (A) Boris Yeltsin became the head of the Communist Party in Moscow in 1990, a crucial event as he would later play a significant role in the dissolution of the Soviet Union.
- (B) In 1990, the Soviet Union declared that Warsaw Pact members were free to decide their own future, signaling a shift towards independence for former Soviet allies.
- (C) In 1991, Boris Yeltsin became the President of Russia, a key moment in the disintegration of the Soviet Union, as the Russian Federation declared its independence.
- (D) The Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) was established in December 1991 after the collapse of the Soviet Union, comprising 11 former Soviet republics.
Step 2: Arranging the events chronologically
- The correct chronological order of these events is: 1. (A) Boris Yeltsin is appointed as the head of the Communist Party in Moscow. 2. (B) Soviet Union declares that the Warsaw Pact members are free to decide their own future. 3. (C) Boris Yeltsin becomes the President of Russia. 4. (D) The Commonwealth of Independent States is established.
Step 3: Conclusion
The correct order is (A), (B), (C), (D), making option 1 the correct answer.

Step 1: Understanding the Role of IMF
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is an international financial institution that plays a key role in determining economic policies around the world. It provides financial assistance and advice to countries facing economic crises and promotes global economic stability. The IMF also monitors global economic trends and provides policy recommendations to member countries to help stabilize their economies.
Step 2: The Functions of IMF
The primary functions of the IMF include: - Promoting international monetary cooperation - Facilitating the growth of international trade - Stabilizing exchange rates and helping in the establishment of a multilateral payments system - Providing loans to countries with balance of payment problems
Step 3: Final Answer
Therefore, the correct answer is the IMF, as it plays a crucial role in shaping economic policies worldwide.

Step 1: China's Invasion
The first event that occurred was China's massive invasion in 1962, which led to the brief border war between China and India.
Step 2: Aksai Chin Occupation
After the invasion, China occupied the Aksai Chin region, which was a part of the territory disputed between India and China. This occupation was a significant event in the bilateral relations.
Step 3: Restoration of Diplomatic Relations
Full diplomatic relations between India and China were restored after years of strained ties, particularly after the 1962 war. Diplomatic channels were reopened to stabilize the relationship.
Step 4: Atal Behari Vajpayee's Visit
In 2003, Atal Behari Vajpayee, the then Prime Minister of India, became the first top-level Indian leader to visit China after the restoration of diplomatic ties. This visit was a landmark in the diplomatic history of India-China relations.
Step 5: Final Answer
Thus, the correct chronological order is (A), (D), (B), (C).

Step 1: Understanding the Maastricht Treaty
The Maastricht Treaty, signed in 1992, is also known as the Treaty on European Union (TEU). It established the European Union (EU) and laid the groundwork for the creation of the Euro currency. It represented a major step in the European integration process, aiming to create a closer political, economic, and monetary union among European countries.
Step 2: Euro-skepticism in Denmark and Sweden
Denmark and Sweden, like some other European countries, were resistant to deeper European integration, particularly the Maastricht Treaty. Denmark initially rejected the treaty in a referendum held in 1992 due to concerns about the loss of national sovereignty. Sweden also expressed concerns about the treaty's implications, which led to their decision to not join the Eurozone.
Step 3: Final Answer
Therefore, the Maastricht Treaty was resisted by Denmark and Sweden as a Euro-skeptic response to the EU's integrationist agenda, making option (B) the correct answer.

The European Union (EU) was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2012 for its long-standing efforts to promote peace and stability in Europe. The Nobel committee recognized the EU for transforming Europe from a continent of war into a continent of peace and for its role in promoting reconciliation, democracy, and human rights. The award also acknowledged the EU's contribution to building a unified Europe after the devastation of World War II.
By awarding the Nobel Peace Prize to the EU, the committee highlighted the EU's role in fostering collaboration and cooperation among its member states, helping to end centuries of conflicts and tensions in the region.