Rise Of New Social Movements

When analyzing the effect of a dominant society's culture on a less powerful one, the concept to explore is Cultural Homogenisation. This term describes the process through which elements of the dominant culture spread across and become integrated into the less dominant culture, leading to uniformity or similarity in cultural expressions.

Here is an analysis of the given options:

• Multiculturalism: Refers to the coexistence of diverse cultures in a single environment, promoting tolerance and the retention of distinct cultural identities.
• Cultural Hybridization: Involves the blending of elements from different cultures, creating a new, hybrid culture.
• Cultural Homogenisation: Occurs when a dominant culture extensively influences another, leading to loss of unique cultural traits, supporting the concept of cultural uniformity.
• Clash of Civilization: Discusses the idea that future conflicts will be based on cultural and religious differences rather than ideological or economic factors.

Thus, when the dominant society influences the less powerful, encouraging a merging into a singular cultural expression, Cultural Homogenisation is the appropriate term.

• E.V. Ramasami Naicker, popularly known as Periyar, was a key figure in the social reform movements in South India during the 20th century.
• He initially joined the Indian National Congress but left due to the dominance of Brahmins and the lack of commitment to social equality.
• Periyar became a leader in the Justice Party, which was the first political organization in India to challenge Brahminical dominance and advocate for the rights of non-Brahmin communities.
• He was the principal ideologue behind the Anti-Brahmin Movement, promoting rationalism, self-respect, and equality.
• Later, he transformed the Justice Party into the Dravidar Kazhagam (DK) in 1944, focusing on social justice and the rights of Dravidian people.
• Dravidar Kazhagam became a powerful social movement and laid the foundation for the formation of political parties like DMK and AIADMK.

So, the correct option is (B): E.V. Ramasami Naicker.

The leader of the anti-caste movement and the founder of the Independent Labour Party was Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar.

Bhimrao Ambedkar, widely known as Babasaheb, was a prominent Indian jurist, economist, and social reformer. He campaigned against social discrimination towards the untouchables, while also supporting the rights of women and labor. In the political sphere, Ambedkar founded the Independent Labour Party in 1936, which sought to bring about social and economic change to improve the conditions of the oppressed classes, specifically targeting systemic caste-based discrimination. His efforts were pivotal in advancing social justice and equality in India, making him a central figure in the movement for caste reform.