Deficiency Diseases

Step 1: Functional Groups in Amino Acids - The presence of (amine), (carboxyl), and an amide group ( ) suggests that the amino acid is Asparagine. - Other options do not contain an amide group.

Step 2: Conclusion Since Asparagine contains both an amine and an amide functional group along with a carboxyl group, it is the correct answer.

Step 1: Understanding the role of hormones Progesterone is a hormone produced by the corpus luteum in the ovary after ovulation. It helps maintain the uterine lining, making it suitable for implantation of a fertilized egg.

Step 2: Why other options are incorrect
- Estradiol mainly regulates the menstrual cycle and supports follicular development but does not maintain pregnancy.
- Testosterone is a male hormone and does not play a role in pregnancy.
- Thyroxin regulates metabolism and has no direct role in implantation.

Step 1: Understanding Bacterial Action
- Bacteriostatic drugs inhibit bacterial growth but do not kill them.
- Bactericidal drugs kill bacteria directly.

Step 2: Checking the Options
- Penicillin is narrow-spectrum but is bactericidal, not bacteriostatic.
- Chloramphenicol is broad-spectrum and inhibits bacterial protein synthesis, making it bacteriostatic.
- Ampicillin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic, not narrow-spectrum.
- Ofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone, and it is bactericidal, not bacteriostatic.

Step 1: Identifying the Structure - The given structure consists of an azo (-N=N-) bond and a sulfonamide functional group, characteristic of Prontosil. - Prontosil was the first synthetic sulfa drug used as an antibacterial agent.

Step 2: Differentiating Other Compounds - Salvarsan is an arsenic-based antimicrobial drug.
- Penicillin is a beta-lactam antibiotic.
- Sulphapyridine is another sulfa drug but lacks the azo bond present in Prontosil.

Step 3: Conclusion Since the given structure matches the molecular structure of Prontosil, option (3) is correct.

Step 1: Understanding Electrolytic Refining Electrolytic refining is a process used to purify metals using electrolysis. In the case of copper, impure copper is used as the anode, and pure copper is used as the cathode.

Step 2: Electrolysis Process
- The impure copper anode dissolves in the electrolyte solution.
- Copper ions migrate to the cathode, where they are reduced and deposited as pure copper.
- Impurities either dissolve in the solution or form anode sludge.

Step 3: Conclusion Since the impure copper is used at the anode and pure copper is deposited at the cathode, the correct answer is (2).

To determine the vitamins and that cause beri-beri and convulsions, respectively, we need to identify the specific vitamins associated with these conditions.

Step 1: Identify the Vitamin Deficiency for Beri-Beri
- Beri-Beri is caused by a deficiency of Vitamin B1 (Thiamine).

Step 2: Identify the Vitamin Deficiency for Convulsions
- Convulsions can be caused by a deficiency of Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine).

Step 3: Match the Vitamins to the Options
- (Beri-Beri) corresponds to Vitamin B1.
- (Convulsions) corresponds to Vitamin B6. Final Answer: This corresponds to option (4).