Nuclear Physics

Nuclear binding energy is the energy required to separate an atomic nucleus completely into its constituent protons and neutrons, or, equivalently, the energy that would be liberated by combining individual protons and neutrons into a single nucleus.

The strong nuclear force, also known as the strong interaction or strong force, is one of the fundamental forces of nature. It is responsible for holding atomic nuclei together.

The strong nuclear force is one of the four fundamental forces in physics, along with gravity, electromagnetism, and the weak nuclear force. It is the force that acts between protons and neutrons within the nucleus of an atom, as well as between other subatomic particles called quarks.

The horizontal displacement and vertical displacement of the body are equal at a time of 3.5 seconds. Let be the velocity of projection.
The equations of motion for horizontal and vertical displacements are given by:
1. Horizontal displacement: 2. Vertical displacement: Since the displacements are equal at s:
Now solving for : Thus, the velocity of projection is 17.5 ms .
Final Answer: 17.5 ms .

Step 1: Use Energy
-Mass Relation Using Einstein’s mass-energy equivalence: where: - g = kg, - m/s.
Step 2: Compute Power Energy released per second:

Step 1: Calculate the number of nuclei in 235 g.
One mole of weighs 235 g, and contains Avogadro's number of nuclei, .
Step 2: Convert the energy per nucleus to total energy for all nuclei. Energy per nucleus = 200 MeV
Total energy for all nuclei = Step 3: Perform the calculation.

The density of a cubical block is given by: where is the mass and is the side length of the cube. The relative error in density is given by: Given:
Error in mass
Error in side length
Substituting the values: Thus, the error in the determination of the density is 5%.
Final Answer: 5%

Given: - Disintegration rate, - Half-life,
Step 1: Calculate the decay constant The decay constant is related to the half-life by:
Step 2: Calculate the number of radioactive atoms The disintegration rate is given by: Solving for :
Final Answer:

In a Bohr orbit, the total energy of an electron is the sum of its kinetic energy and potential energy : For a hydrogen atom, the potential energy is given by: Thus, the total energy is: The ratio of kinetic energy to total energy is: Therefore, the ratio is .