Semiconductor Electronics Materials Devices And Simple Circuits

Step 1: In the CE configuration, the output is 180 out of phase with the input, which is a characteristic feature of the common emitter configuration.

Step 2: In both CB and CC configurations, the phase shift is either zero or a fraction of a degree, not 180 . Hence, the only correct answer is the CE configuration. Thus, the correct answer is option (2), CE - configuration.

Step 1: The given circuit involves diodes and a resistor. To calculate , use the diode equation and consider the threshold voltage for silicon diodes.

Step 2: The voltage drop across each diode is considered 0.7V for the forward-biased Si diode. The total voltage is split across the diodes, and the final voltage at is determined by the supply voltage minus the drops.

Step 3: After calculating, the voltage at is found to be 11.3V. Thus, the correct answer is option (1), V.

A diode is reverse biased when the potential at the cathode (n-side) is higher than the potential at the anode (p-side).
(1) The potential at the anode is -12V, and the potential at the cathode is -5V. Since -12V<-5V, the diode is forward biased.
(2) The potential at the anode is 0V, and the potential at the cathode is -10V. Since 0V>-10V, the diode is forward biased.
(3) The potential at the anode is 0V, and the potential at the cathode is +5V. Since 0V<+5V, the diode is reverse biased.
(4) The potential at the anode is +5V, and the potential at the cathode is +10V. Since +5V<+10V, the diode is forward biased. Therefore, the diode in option (3) is reverse biased.