Colonial Cities Urbanisation Planning And Architecture

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Ho Chi Minh (a) was the leader of the struggle to free Vietnam from French colonial rule, so he matches with
iv. -
J.M. Garibaldi (b) was a key figure in the unification of Italy, so he matches with
iii. -
George Washington (c) was the leader during the American War of Independence, so he matches with
i. -
Clement Attlee (d) was the British Prime Minister during the period of British withdrawal from India in 1947, so he matches with
ii. Thus, the correct matching is: (a-iv, b-iii, c-i, d-ii).

The Sanchi Stupa, one of the oldest and most significant examples of Buddhist architecture, contains sculptures that represent various important symbolic elements of Buddha’s life and teachings. These symbols hold deep meanings related to the life of Buddha:
- Empty seat represents the symbol of Mahaparinibbana, which is the state of Buddha’s final enlightenment and death. It signifies his departure from the mortal world and his attainment of nirvana.
- Gajalakshmi represents the goddess of wealth, prosperity, and good fortune, and it is used to symbolize prosperity.
- Wheel symbolizes the Dharma Chakra, or the Wheel of Dharma, which is associated with the teachings of the Buddha. It signifies the spreading of the Buddha’s teachings.
- Shalbanjika symbolizes the first sermon of Buddha at Sarnath. This sculpture marks a significant event in Buddha’s life when he began teaching the path to enlightenment.
Thus, the correct matching is:
a i, b ii, c iii, d iv.

Let's match the temples with their locations:
- a. Brihadeshwara temple: This famous temple is located in Tanjavur, Tamil Nadu, and is a grand example of Chola architecture. Hence, it corresponds to 4. Tanjavur.
- b. Chennakeshava temple: This temple is located in Vijayanagara, the historic capital of the Vijayanagara Empire. Thus, it matches with 1. Vijayanagara.
- c. Hazara Ram temple: This temple is located in Belur, Karnataka, which is known for its Hoysala architecture. Therefore, it corresponds to 3. Belur.
- d. Chidambaram temple: The Chidambaram temple, dedicated to Lord Shiva, is located in Tamil Nadu. It matches with 2. Tamil Nadu.
Thus, the correct answer is (D) a-1, b-3, c-2, d-4.