Medieval Society Through Travellers Accounts

The correct answers are (A) Domingo Paes, (B) Abdur Razzaq, and (D) Fernao Nuniz. These three travelers visited the Vijayanagara Empire during the 15th century and recorded their observations.

1. Domingo Paes (A): A Portuguese traveler who visited Vijayanagara during the reign of Krishnadevaraya. His travelogue provides a detailed description of the city's grandeur, including its administrative systems, trade, and military structure.

2. Abdur Razzaq (B): A Persian envoy to the court of the Timurid ruler, Abdur Razzaq also visited Vijayanagara in the 15th century. His account provides valuable insight into the cultural and economic activities of the empire during the time.

3. Fernao Nuniz (D): A Portuguese traveler who came to the Vijayanagara Empire in the early 16th century. His writings describe the social and political situation of the empire, although he visited shortly after Paes.

While Afanasii Nikitin (C) and Nicolo de Conti (E) traveled to India, they did not visit the city of Vijayanagara during the 15th century.

We know:

• Marco Polo (A) is associated with the Thirteenth Century, as he lived from 1254 to 1324.
• Seydi Ali Reis (B) was a sixteenth-century Ottoman admiral, which places him in the Sixteenth Century.
• Peter Mundy (C) was an English traveller of the Seventeenth Century.
• Ibn Battuta (D) was a fourteenth-century explorer and scholar.

Using this information, we can match them correctly to yield:

• (A)-(III): Marco Polo - Thirteenth Century
• (B)-(I): Seydi Ali Reis - Sixteenth Century
• (C)-(IV): Peter Mundy - Seventeenth Century
• (D)-(II): Ibn Battuta - Fourteenth Century

Thus, the correct option is: (A)-(III), (B)-(I), (C)-(IV), (D)-(II)

In the context of 19^th-century Bengal, the hilly zone was described as impenetrable and dangerous by Francis Buchanan. He was a Scottish physician and geographer who traveled extensively in India, studying various regions and documenting his observations. Buchanan's documentation provides valuable insights into the geography and socioeconomic conditions of Bengal during that era. His detailed accounts, including descriptions of challenging terrains, have contributed significantly to understanding the historical landscape of India.