The Great Revolt Of 1857

During the Revolt of 1857, also known as the First War of Indian Independence, several key British figures were involved in defending against the uprising. In Lucknow, a significant city during the revolt, the British Commissioner was a pivotal figure. The question asks who was the Commissioner of Lucknow when the rebels besieged it.

Correct Answer: Henry Lawrence

Henry Lawrence was the British Commissioner in Lucknow at the time of the siege. He was an experienced officer and administrator and played a crucial role during the initial days of the siege. Unfortunately, he was mortally wounded early in the conflict and died on July 4, 1857.

To clarify, here are details about the other options:

• Colin Campbell: He was a British Army officer, known later as Lord Clyde, but he was not the Commissioner of Lucknow.
• James Outram: He was another notable British military leader associated with the relief and recapture of Lucknow but was not the commissioner during the siege.
• Henry Havelock: He was involved in the relief operations of Cawnpore and Lucknow but held no commissioner position.

The leader of the Santhal Revolt of 1855-56 was Sidhu Manjhi. The Santhal Revolt, also known as the Santhal Hool, was a significant uprising led by the Santhal tribal community against the oppressive policies of the British East India Company and the local Zamindars. The revolt took place in the region that is now part of Jharkhand, India. Sidhu Manjhi, along with his brother Kanhu, played a crucial role in organizing the Santhal people and leading the rebellion. This uprising was one of the earliest tribal revolts against British colonial rule in India, highlighting the resistance of indigenous communities to the exploitation and injustices they faced.

To solve the matching problem from List-I to List-II, we need to understand the historical associations of each name with the respective place during the Indian Rebellion of 1857:

• Nana Sahib was a prominent leader in Kanpur. Thus, he should be matched with Kanpur (III).
• Rani Lakshmi Bai is famously connected to Jhansi where she resisted British forces. Therefore, match her with Jhansi (IV).
• Kunwar Singh was a key figure in the revolt in the region of Arrah, Bihar. Hence, connect him with Arrah (II).
• Birjis Qadr was linked to the region of Awadh, being the son of Nawab Wajid Ali Shah. Thus, he should be associated with Awadh (I).

Using these associations, the correct matching of List-I with List-II is: (A) - (III), (B) - (IV), (C) - (II), (D) - (I)

To determine which statements are correct, we'll evaluate each based on historical knowledge:

• (A) Bell of arms was indeed a storeroom in which weapons were kept. This is correct.
• (B) The statement that the army of Awadh supported the British is incorrect. Awadh was one of the centers of the rebellion during the 1857 uprising against British rule.
• (C) Firangi, a term of Persian origin, was used by the rebels to refer to the British. This statement is correct.
• (D) The 7th Awadh Irregular Cavalry's acceptance of the new cartridges is not a widely supported historical fact; hence, this statement is incorrect.
• (E) During the uprising, local leaders did indeed step forward, urging peasants, zamindars, and tribals to revolt. This statement is correct.

Therefore, the correct statements are (A), (C), and (E).

In 1857, during the Indian Rebellion, "the life has gone out of the body" was a phrase used in reference to the state of Awadh. This statement highlights the severe impact of British annexation and the subsequent rebellion in the region. Awadh, also known as Oudh, was a prosperous region of India that was forcefully annexed by the British East India Company in 1856 under the Doctrine of Lapse. This political and administrative move led to widespread discontent among the local rulers and the population, contributing to the explosiveness of the 1857 uprising.

Therefore, the reference to the "life has gone out of the body" symbolizes the loss of autonomy and spirit following colonial dominance in Awadh.

The correct word to fill in the blank is "Ishtahars".

During the 1857 revolt, rebel leaders sought to spread their ideas and rally support for their cause. To achieve this, they issued proclamations and utilized other means of communication. The term "Ishtahars" refers to public notices or manifestos in the Indian context, often used at that time to disseminate messages and ideas to a broader audience.

Let's examine the options to understand why "Ishtahars" is the correct choice:

• Cartridges: This option does not fit in the context as cartridges are ammunition and unrelated to spreading ideas.
• Ishtahars: This is the correct answer. "Ishtahars" were used to communicate and propagate ideas during the revolt.
• Sepoys: This option refers to Indian soldiers and does not represent a means of disseminating information.
• Taluqdars: These were landlords or aristocrats, which again do not fit the context of communication tools used in the revolt.

Therefore, the best answer is "Ishtahars".