Nationalism In India

The iconic line "Khoob lari mardani..." was written by Subhadra Kumari Chauhan in her 1930 poem Jhansi ki Rani. This poem immortalized the courage and bravery of Rani Lakshmibai during the 1857 Revolt. The poem, which remains an important part of Indian nationalist literature, is often taught in schools as a symbol of resistance against colonial rule.

The Salt Satyagraha (1930) launched the Civil Disobedience Movement (1930–34), marked by:
- Defiance of British laws (e.g., making salt illegally).
- Mass participation across classes, unlike the earlier Non-Cooperation Movement (1920–22).
- Rejecting Distractors:
- Non-Cooperation (1) involved boycotts (e.g., schools, courts), not law-breaking.
- Khilafat (3) (1919–24) addressed Ottoman Caliphate issues.
- Quit India (4) (1942) demanded immediate British withdrawal.

The Congress hesitated to incorporate the demands of industrial workers into its struggle for several reasons:
1. Industrialists were becoming closer to Congress, while the workers remained distant.
2. The Congress feared that addressing the demands of industrial workers could alienate the industrialists.
3. It was concerned that such inclusion might lead to divisions within its anti-imperial forces.
4. There was a risk of weakening the Civil Disobedience Movement by adding the demands of industrial workers.
Therefore, Congress showed reluctance in including the demands of industrial workers in its program of struggle.

The correct option is (C): Gopal Krishna Gokhale