Panchayati Raj And The Challenges Of Social Transformation

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
The question asks for the minimum number of elected members (Panchs or Ward Members) in a Gram Panchayat in India.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
The constitution and composition of Gram Panchayats are governed by the respective State Panchayati Raj Acts. Therefore, there is no single, uniform minimum number of members applicable throughout India. The number of members typically depends on the population of the Panchayat area and varies from state to state.
For example: - In Uttar Pradesh, a Gram Panchayat can have from 7 to 15 members. - In Haryana, the number ranges from 6 to 20. - In many states, the lower limit is often an odd number like 5, 7, or 9. The options provided (8, 10, 12, 14) are all even and do not reflect the common lower limits in many states. This suggests the question may be flawed or specific to a particular state's act not mentioned. However, if forced to choose from the given options, the lowest value presented is the most logical choice for a "minimum".
Step 3: Final Answer:
Given the options, Eight (8) is the lowest number and thus the most plausible answer for a minimum, although it must be noted that the actual minimum varies by state and is often lower.

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
The question asks for the number of functions assigned to Gram Panchayats under a specific state law, the Bihar Panchayati Raj Act of 1993. This is a specific factual question related to Indian polity and local governance.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
The 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992, added the Eleventh Schedule to the Constitution, which lists 29 subjects that can be devolved to Panchayats. State governments then enact their own laws specifying the functions.
The Bihar Panchayati Raj Act, 1993, which was in effect until it was replaced by the 2006 Act, outlined the powers and functions of Gram Panchayats. Section 22 of this Act detailed these functions. While the Eleventh Schedule has 29 items, the 1993 Bihar Act specifically enumerated a list that is commonly cited as containing 28 major functional areas.
Therefore, in the context of the 1993 Act, the number of functions is considered to be 28.
Step 3: Final Answer:
The Bihar Panchayati Raj Act, 1993, narrated 28 functions for the Gram Panchayat.