Importance And Applications Of Coordination Compounds

Step 1: Identifying the first reaction. The first step involves Friedel-Crafts Alkylation, where (an alkyl halide) reacts with benzene ( ) in the presence of , forming toluene (A) ( ).
Step 2: Oxidation of Toluene. - The second step involves oxidation using chromyl chloride ( ), known as the Etard Reaction, which selectively oxidizes the methyl group ( ) to an aldehyde ( ), forming benzaldehyde (B) ( ).
Step 3: Eliminating incorrect Option.
- Acetophenone (A) ( ): Incorrect, as the oxidation of toluene in the Etard reaction leads to the formation of an aldehyde ( ) and not a ketone.
- Cyclohexyl carbaldehyde (C) ( ): Incorrect, as the reaction occurs on a benzene ring, not on a cyclohexane system, and no such transformation takes place.
- Benzoic acid (D) ( ): Incorrect, as oxidation of the methyl group ( ) to a carboxyl group ( ) requires a stronger oxidizing agent such as alkaline or acidic under reflux, which is not used in this reaction.



Thus, the correct answer is (B) Benzaldehyde ( ).

Step 1: Manganese (II) salts, such as , can be oxidized to the permanganate ion by various oxidizing agents.
Step 2: Among the Option:
- Hydrogen peroxide is commonly used to oxidize manganese (II) to permanganate, but it is not the best oxidizer in this case.
- Conc. nitric acid does not efficiently oxidize manganese (II) to permanganate.
- Peroxy disulphate ( ) is a powerful oxidizing agent and is known to oxidize to , making it the correct choice in this context.
- Dichromate is also an oxidizing agent but does not directly oxidize manganese (II) to permanganate.
Thus, the correct answer is option (C).