Metallurgy

Molten glass is floated over molten tin to obtain smooth and uniform glass sheets.

Step 1: Limestone removes silica impurities by forming slag.

Step 1: Calcination process. Heating ore in absence of air.
Step 2: Purpose. Removes moisture and carbon dioxide.

Step 1: Thomas slag is a by-product of steel industry.
Step 2: It contains calcium phosphate and calcium silicate.

Highly reactive metals like sodium are extracted by electrolysis of molten salts.

Thomas slag contains calcium phosphate and calcium silicate.

Step 1: Highly reactive metals cannot be extracted by chemical reduction. Step 2: Sodium is extracted by electrolysis of molten sodium chloride (Downs process). Hence, electrometallurgical process is used to extract sodium.