Chemical Bonding And Molecular Structure

The geometrical shape of hybridisation is trigonal bipyramid.

The bond order of and is positive while the bond order of is zero. So transient existence.

The electronic configuration of fluorine atom is So, fluorine required only one electron to complete its octet. Thus, in the formation of fluorine molecule only one covalent bond formed.

According to valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory, the order of repulsive interactions between various electrons is

According to molecular orbital theory,


Bond order in

Diamond has a three-dimensional structure in which a large number of carbon atoms are arranged tetrahedrally by covalent bonds. It is an allotropic form of carbon.

Molecules in which unpaired electrons are present, are paramagnetic while that have absence of unpaired electrons, are diamagnetic.


(No unpaired electron, so diamagnetic)

(Two unpaired electrons, paramagnetic)

(No unpaired electrons, diamagnetic)


(No unpaired electrons, diamagnetic)

The structure of is square planar with two positions occupied by lone pairs. It has hybridization and two lone pairs of electrons.

In five chlorine atoms directly attached to central atom and it has no Ione pairs and no single electrons hence has hybridization.

is a linear molecule. It has zero dipole moment due to its symmetrical structure.
and

hybridized, trigonal planar with bond angle .

Propene has only one electron.

We know that N3 molecule is having electrons so.


according to MOT (Molecular orbital theory) the configruation will be

Bond order [Bonding - Antibonding]

and have a zero dipole moment because of the symmetric structure & among
and is more electronegative than and dipole moment in in the direction of the lone pair, hence has more dipole moment than .

A bond is formed by sidewise or parallel overlapping between atomic orbitals. During this their axes remain parallel to each other and perpendicular to the internuclear axis.

Ethene molecule has pi and sigma bonds.

Due to symmetry in shape, molecule has zero dipole moment.

The correct answer is D:see-saw
The shape of is see saw. In this two are on the same plane and two atoms are below (equatorial). The shape is due to the lone pair of electrons present on the central atom.

(Extended octet)

(Extended octet)
(Complete octet)

(Extended octet)

Electronic configuration of and
NO :



Bond order
B.O. of NO
B.O. of
B.O. of
Bond strength Bond order Thus order of bond strength is :

molecule is trigonal planar with hybridisation.

Number of hybrid orbitals

For,
(monovalent atoms)

i.e., hybridisation

The four bonds in are polar but the molecule is non- polar due to its symmertrical tetrahedral structure. Dipole moment in one direction gets cancelled by dipole moment in other direction and the net dipole moment is zero

Step 1: Understanding Covalent Bonds
Covalent bonds are formed when two atoms share electrons.
These bonds typically form between non-metals.
Step 2: Analyzing the Molecules
(Water) has covalent bonds between hydrogen and oxygen atoms.

(Carbon tetrachloride) involves covalent bonding between carbon and chlorine atoms.

(Sodium chloride) forms an ionic bond, not a covalent bond, as it involves the transfer of an electron from sodium (metal) to chlorine (non-metal).

(Oxygen) has a covalent bond between two oxygen atoms.
Step 3: Conclusion Thus, does not involve a covalent bond, as it is an ionic compound.