Measurement Of Length

Step 1: Calculate the Least Count (LC)
10 VSD = 9 MSD.
1 MSD = 0.1 cm.
Value of 10 VSD = 9 × 0.1 cm = 0.9 cm.
Value of 1 VSD = 0.9 / 10 cm = 0.09 cm.
Least Count (LC) = 1 MSD - 1 VSD = 0.1 cm - 0.09 cm = 0.01 cm.

Step 2: Determine the Zero Error (ZE) and Zero Correction (ZC)
The zero of the Vernier scale is at -0.1 cm, meaning the zero mark of the Vernier scale is 0.1 cm to the left of the zero mark of the main scale when the jaws are closed.
Zero Error (ZE) = -0.1 cm.
Zero Correction (ZC) = - (ZE) = - (-0.1 cm) = +0.1 cm.

Step 3: Calculate the Measured Reading
Main Scale Reading (MSR) = 5 cm.
Vernier Scale Coincidence (VSC) = 8.
Measured Reading = MSR + (VSC × LC) = 5 cm + (8 × 0.01 cm) = 5 cm + 0.08 cm = 5.08 cm.

Step 4: Apply the Zero Correction
Corrected Reading = Measured Reading + Zero Correction = 5.08 cm + 0.1 cm = 5.18 cm.