The disease that is caused due to the deficiency of proteins is called "Kwashiorkor."
Let's understand why:
- Kwashiorkor: This is a disease resultant from severe protein deficiency in the diet. It is predominantly observed in regions where there is famine and inadequate access to protein-rich foods. It is characterized by symptoms such as edema, an enlarged liver, and other developmental issues.
- Arthritis: This is an inflammation of the joints and is not specifically linked to protein deficiency.
- Goitre: This condition is caused by the deficiency of iodine, not protein. It results in the abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland.
- Night Blindness: This is typically due to vitamin A deficiency, affecting one's ability to see in low-light conditions.
Hence, among the options given, "Kwashiorkor" is the disease linked to protein deficiency.