Polysaccharides

Monosaccharides are simple sugars classified based on their functional groups. The two main classifications are aldoses and ketoses, which are determined by the presence of either an aldehyde or a keto group. Step 1: Identifying Aldoses and Ketoses.
Aldoses are sugars that contain an aldehyde group ( ), which is typically located at the first carbon atom in the molecule. Ketoses are sugars that contain a keto group ( ), which is usually located at the second carbon atom in the molecule. Step 2: Functional Groups of Fructose, Glucose, and Xylose.
Let’s analyze the functional groups of each monosaccharide: Fructose is a ketose because it contains a keto group at the second carbon atom, making it a ketohexose (6-carbon ketose). Glucose is an aldose because it contains an aldehyde group at the first carbon atom, making it an aldohexose (6-carbon aldose). Xylose is also an aldose because it contains an aldehyde group at the first carbon atom, making it an aldopentose (5-carbon aldose). Step 3: Family Classification.
Glucose: This monosaccharide belongs to the aldohexose family due to its 6 carbon atoms and aldehyde group. Xylose: This monosaccharide belongs to the aldopentose family due to its 5 carbon atoms and aldehyde group. Fructose: This monosaccharide belongs to the ketohexose family due to its 6 carbon atoms and keto group. Thus, the correct conclusion is: Therefore, the correct answer is .