During an allergic reaction, the immune system overreacts to a harmless substance, known as an allergen, such as pollen, dust mites, or certain foods. This overreaction triggers the production of IgE antibodies. These IgE antibodies are specifically designed to bind to the allergen and activate immune cells called mast cells and basophils.
When the IgE antibodies encounter the allergen again, they bind to it, leading to the release of various chemical substances, including histamine, from the mast cells and basophils. Histamine is responsible for the symptoms associated with allergies, such as itching, sneezing, runny nose, hives, and in severe cases, difficulty breathing or anaphylaxis.
It's important to note that while IgE antibodies are involved in allergic reactions, other immunoglobulins like IgG and IgA can also be produced in response to different types of immune challenges and play various roles in the immune system. However, IgE is specifically associated with allergic responses.