Hormones

Let's match the hormones in Column I with their respective functions in Column II:

Catecholamines: These hormones, such as adrenaline and noradrenaline, are released during stress and are commonly referred to as stress hormones.

• Correct match: 1 → s (Stress hormone).

MSH (Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone): MSH is involved in the regulation of pigmentation of the skin.

• Correct match: 2 → r (Pigmentation).

Thymosins: These are hormones produced by the thymus gland and play a role in the immune response by promoting the development of T-cells.

• Correct match: 3 → q (Immune response).

Melatonin: This hormone is produced by the pineal gland and regulates the diurnal rhythm, helping control the sleep-wake cycle.

• Correct match: 4 → p (Diurnal rhythm).

Correct Matching:

1 → s (Stress hormone)

2 → r (Pigmentation)

3 → q (Immune response)

4 → p (Diurnal rhythm)

The correct answer is (A) : 1-s, 2-r, 3-q, 4-p.

Let's break down each syndrome and whether gynecomastia is a typical symptom:

• Gynecomastia: Refers to the enlargement of breast tissue in males.
• Cri-du-chat syndrome: A genetic disorder caused by a deletion on chromosome 5. Symptoms include a high-pitched, cat-like cry in infancy, intellectual disability, and distinctive facial features. Gynecomastia is NOT a characteristic symptom.
• Down’s syndrome: A chromosomal disorder caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21 (Trisomy 21). Symptoms include intellectual disability, characteristic facial features, and certain medical conditions. Gynecomastia can occur in individuals with Down syndrome but is not a primary or diagnostic feature of the syndrome itself. Increased risk of gynecomastia arises partly due to hormonal imbalances or increased sensitivity to estrogen.
• Klinefelter's syndrome: A genetic condition in males caused by having an extra X chromosome (XXY). This leads to hormonal imbalances, particularly lower testosterone levels. Common symptoms include small testes, reduced muscle mass, reduced body hair, and *gynecomastia*.
• Turner’s syndrome: A chromosomal disorder in females in which one of the X chromosomes is missing or partially missing (XO). Symptoms include short stature, ovarian failure, and heart defects. This condition only affects females, therefore gynecomastia is not a symptom.

Therefore, Gynecomastia is a symptom of Kline Felter’s syndrome because the hormonal imbalance associated with the extra X chromosome often leads to the development of breast tissue in males.