Cell Theory

The correct answer is:

Option 2: Schleiden and Schwann

Explanation:

The Cell Theory was formulated by Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann in the early 19th century. Their key contributions were:

Schleiden proposed that all plants are made up of cells.

Schwann extended this idea to animals, proposing that all animals are also composed of cells.

Together, they laid the foundation for the Cell Theory, which states that:

All living organisms are made of cells.

The cell is the basic unit of structure and function in living organisms.

All cells arise from pre-existing cells.

Thus, Schleiden and Schwann are credited with formulating the Cell Theory.

• Hypertonic (1): A hypertonic solution is one in which the external solution is more concentrated than the cell sap, leading to water loss from the cell. This matches with q.
• Capillarity (2): Capillarity refers to the ability of water to rise in thin tubes due to surface tension and adhesion forces. This corresponds with s.
• Symport (3): Symport is a type of transport mechanism where two molecules move in the same direction across a membrane. This corresponds with p.
• Guttation (4): Guttation is the process of water loss in the form of droplets, primarily through special pores on plants. This corresponds with r.

The correct answer is (A) : 1-q, 2-s, 3-p, 4-r.