Vitamins

Amino acids are classified as essential and non-essential. Essential amino acids cannot be synthesized by the human body and must be obtained through diet. Non-essential amino acids, on the other hand, can be synthesized by the body. Among the options: - Proline: This is a non-essential amino acid that is synthesized in the body. - Valine: This is an essential amino acid and must be obtained through the diet. - Histidine: This is an essential amino acid for infants but is non-essential for adults as it can be synthesized in the body. - Arginine: This is a conditionally essential amino acid. It is non-essential in healthy adults but essential in infants and during periods of stress or illness. - Leucine: This is an essential amino acid and must be obtained from the diet. Thus, Arginine is the correct answer as it is conditionally essential.

Riboflavin, also known as vitamin B2, is essential for the body’s metabolism. A deficiency of riboflavin causes Pellagra, which is characterized by symptoms such as dermatitis, diarrhea, and dementia.

1. Step 1: Recognizing Pellagra. - Pellagra occurs due to a lack of riboflavin and is known to cause the "three D's": dermatitis, diarrhea, and dementia.

2. Step 2: Distinguish from other diseases. - Scurvy is caused by a deficiency of vitamin C. - Beriberi is caused by a deficiency of vitamin B1 (thiamine). - Rickets is caused by a deficiency of vitamin D, calcium, or phosphate. Thus, the disease caused by a deficiency of riboflavin is Pellagra.

Concept:
• Vitamin E is fat-soluble and found in vegetable oils

Step 1: Function
Antioxidant, protects cells

Step 2: Deficiency
Causes muscular weakness Final Conclusion:
Option (B)