Thermodynamics Terms

Step 1: Concept
First Law of Thermodynamics: .
Step 2: Analysis
. . .
Step 3: Conclusion
.
Final Answer: (A)

Step 1: Identify Main Chain
The structure consists of a 3-carbon propane chain.
Step 2: Locate Substituents
A methyl group and a chlorine atom are both attached to the second (middle) carbon.
Step 3: Final Naming
The name is constructed alphabetically: 2-chloro 2-methyl propane.
Final Answer: (c)

Step 1: Use the formula for heat capacity at constant pressure.
The heat required to raise the temperature of a gas at constant pressure is given by the formula: where: - is the number of moles of the gas, - is the molar heat capacity at constant pressure, - is the change in temperature.

Step 2: Apply the given values.
We are given the following values: - (number of moles of hydrogen gas), - (molar heat capacity), - (change in temperature). Now, substitute these values into the formula:

Step 3: Perform the multiplication.
First, calculate the product:

Step 4: Conclusion.
Thus, the heat given to the gas is:

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
Angular momentum is a conserved physical quantity in rotational motion under ideal conditions.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
In many standard physical systems, angular momentum remains constant and is treated as a conserved quantity. Hence, it is often stated that angular momentum is always conserved.
Step 3: Final Answer:
Thus, angular momentum is conserved always.

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
Net work = area enclosed in PV diagram.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:




Net =
Step 3: Final Answer:
Net work is -20 J.

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
, where .
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:



Step 3: Final Answer:
Change in internal energy is 500 cal.

Concept: For adiabatic process:

Step 1: Derived relation
Using ideal gas law:

Step 2: Check options

• (A) correct form
• (B) also correct but not asked in required form
• (C) incorrect
• (D) incorrect representation

Concept: Internal energy depends only on temperature.

Step 1: Isothermal process.
Temperature remains constant internal energy unchanged.

Step 2: Adiabatic process.
Temperature changes internal energy changes.

Step 3: Cyclic process.
System returns to initial state net change in internal energy = 0.

Step 4: Conclusion.
Correct statements: I and IV.

Concept: Efficiency:

Step 1: Given values.


Step 2: Work done.


Step 3: Convert to joules.

Concept: Adiabatic relation:

Step 1: Differentiate.


Step 2: Simplify.
Divide by :

Step 3: Relation.

Concept: For isothermal process: For adiabatic process:

Step 1: Compare slopes.
Since , adiabatic curve is steeper.

Step 2: Conclusion.