Vascular Tissue System

For a critical study of secondary growth in plants, which one of the following pairs is suitable:

1. Sugarcane and sunflower

2. Teak and pine

3. Deodar and Fern

4. Wheat and maidenhair fern

Which one of the following is not a lateral meristem?

1. Intrafascicular cambium

2. Interfascicular cambium

3. Phellogen

4. Intercalary meristem

Heartwood differs from sapwood in:

1. presence of rays and fibres

2. absence of vessels and parenchyma

3. having dead and non-conducting elements

4. being susceptible to pests and pathogens

Closed vascular bundles lack:

1. Ground tissue

2. Conjuctive tissue

3. Cambium

4. Pith

Age of a tree can be estimated by:

1. biomass

2. number of annual rings

3. diameter of its heartwood

4. its height and girth

Interfascicular cambium develops from the cells of:

1. Xylem parenchyma

2. Endodermis

3. Pericycle

4. Medullary rays

The vascular cambium normally gives rise to:

1. Primary Phloem

2. Secondary xylem

3. Periderm

4. Phelloderm

Identify the wrong statement in the context of heartwood:

1. It is highly durable

2. It conducts water and minerals efficiently

3. It comprises dead elements with highly lignified walls

4. Organic compounds are deposited in it

Plants having little or no secondary growth are:

Which of the statements given below is not true about the formation of Annual Rings in trees?

1.	Annual rings are not prominent in trees of temperate regions.
2.	Annual rings are a combination of spring wood and autumn wood produced in a year.
3.	Differential activity of cambium causes light and dark bands of tissue - early and late wood respectively.
4.	Activity of cambium depends upon variation in climate.

Read the following statements about the vascular bundles:

a.	In roots, xylem and phloem in a vascular bundle are arranged in an alternate manner along the different radii.
b.	Conjoint closed vascular bundles do not possess cambium.
c.	In open vascular bundles, cambium is present in between xylem and phloem.
d.	The vascular bundles of dicotyledonous stem possess endarch protoxylem.
e.	In monocotyledonous root, usually there are more than six xylem bundles present.

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1.	(a), (c), (d) and (e) only	2.	(a), (b) and (d) only
3.	(b), (c), (d) and (e) only	4.	all statements are correct

In old trees the greater part of secondary xylem is dark brown and resistant to insect attack due to :

a.	secretion of secondary metabolites and their deposition in the lumen of vessels.
b.	deposition of organic compounds like tannins and resins in the central layers of stem.
c.	deposition of suberin and aromatic substances in the outer layer of stem.
d.	deposition of tannins, gum, resin and aromatic substances in the peripheral layers of stem.
e.	presence of parenchyma cells, functionally active xylem elements and essential oils.

Choose the correct answer from the options given below
1. (b) and (d) Only
2. (a) and (b) Only
3. (c) and (d) Only
4. (d) and (e) Only

The anatomy of springwood shows some peculiar features. Identify the correct set of statements about springwood.

a.	It is also called as the early wood.
b.	In spring season cambium produces xylem elements with narrow vessels.
c.	It is lighter in colour.
d.	The springwood along with autumn wood shows alternate concentric rings forming annual rings.
e.	It has lower density.

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
1. (c), (d) and (e) Only
2. (a), (b), (d) and (e) Only
3. (a), (c), (d) and (e)Only
4. (a), (b) and (d) Only

Give below are two statements : One is labelled as Assertion (A) and The other is labelled as Reason (R) :

Assertion (A):	Late wood has fewer xylary elements with narrow vessels.
Reason (R):	Cambium is less active in winters.

In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the option given below :

1.	(A) is False but (R) is True.
2.	Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
3.	Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
4.	(A) is True but (R) is False