Wave Optics

If two independent sources emitting light of the same wavelength are said to be coherent.

The phase difference due to different paths in different media is given by .

The transmission of light through two polaroids is governed by Malus' law, and the percentage of light transmitted when the angle between the polaroids is 60° is 12.5%.

Step 1: Understand the concepts.
Interference, diffraction, and polarization are phenomena that support the wave nature of light. They can all be explained by the wave theory of light.
Step 2: The photoelectric effect.
The photoelectric effect, on the other hand, is explained by the particle theory of light. It involves the emission of electrons from a metal surface when it is illuminated by light, which cannot be explained by the wave theory alone.
Final Answer:

Step 1: Use Brewster's Law.
According to Brewster's law, the angle of polarization occurs when the reflected and refracted light are perpendicular to each other. This corresponds to an angle of 90° between the reflected and refracted beams.
Step 2: Conclusion.
Thus, the angle between reflected and refracted light is 90°.
Final Answer:

Step 1: The fringe width in Young's double slit experiment is given by the equation: where is the wavelength, is the distance between the slits and screen, and is the separation between the slits.
Step 2: When the apparatus is immersed in water, the wavelength of the light decreases by the refractive index of water. The angular fringe width will change accordingly, and using the refractive index , the new fringe width is 15°.

Final Answer:

Step 1: In Young's double slit experiment, the intensity is given by the formula: Step 2: For the intensity to be of the maximum intensity, we have: Step 3: Therefore,
Final Answer: